墟

Translingual

Han character

墟 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土卜心金 (GYPC) or 土卜心一 (GYPM), four-corner 4111₇, composition ⿰土虚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5457
• Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 479, character 12
• Unihan data for U+589F

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唬	*qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ
戲	*qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː
巇	*qʰra
隵	*qʰra
嚱	*qʰras
盧	*b·raː
鑪	*raː
壚	*raː
籚	*raː
蘆	*raː, *ra
顱	*b·raː
髗	*b·raː
鱸	*raː
攎	*raː
櫨	*raː
轤	*raː
黸	*raː
獹	*raː
鸕	*raː
艫	*raː
纑	*raː
瀘	*raː
瓐	*raː
爐	*raː
嚧	*raː
矑	*b·raː
罏	*raː
蠦	*raː
虜	*raːʔ
擄	*raːʔ
艣	*raːʔ
鐪	*raːʔ
虖	*qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
虍	*qʰaː
雐	*qʰʷlaː
虎	*qʰlaːʔ
琥	*qʰlaːʔ
萀	*qʰlaːʔ
臚	*b·ra
廬	*ra
驢	*b·ra
藘	*ra
爈	*ra, *ras
櫖	*ra, *ras
儢	*raʔ
慮	*ras
勴	*ras
鑢	*ras
濾	*ras
攄	*r̥ʰa
處	*kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas
豦	*kas, *ɡa
據	*kas
鐻	*kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ
澽	*kas, *ɡas
虛	*kʰa, *qʰa
墟	*kʰa
懅	*ɡa
蘧	*ɡa, *ɡʷa
籧	*ɡa
醵	*ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ
璩	*ɡa
虡	*ɡaʔ
遽	*ɡas
勮	*ɡas
噓	*qʰa, *qʰas
驉	*qʰa
歔	*qʰa
魖	*qʰa
膚	*pla
虧	*kʰʷral
噱	*ɡaɡ
臄	*ɡaɡ
劇	*ɡaɡ
諕	*qʰʷraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 虚 ().

Etymology

"ruin"

Possibly a nominal derivation, with *k- prefix, from *虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) (Karlgren, 1958, Schuessler, 2007), maybe related to Mizo ko (“raised ground; bank; mound”). Perhaps not related to 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) "mound, hill" (contra Wang, 1982).

"market"

A Yuè (越) dialectal word, which also occurs in some Tai languages such as Yoy [script needed] (hɯ^A1, “market”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syu
    • Wade–Giles: hsü¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
    • Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: heoi¹
    • Yale: hēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: khjo

Rime
Character	墟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去魚切
Baxter	khjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kʰiɔ/
Wang Li	/kʰĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	heoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰ(r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjo ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰ(r)a/
English	hill, mound; abandoned city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墟
Reading #	1/1
No.	5255
Phonetic component	虍
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	虚
Old Chinese	/*kʰa/
Notes	同虛

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 墟

1. ruin
2. fair, market

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Japanese

Kanji

墟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. ruins

Readings

• Go-on: こ (ko)
• Kan-on: きょ (kyo)
• Kun: あと (ato, 墟)

Compounds

• 廃墟(はいきょ) (haikyo): ruins, abandoned building

Usage notes

Rarely replaced by 虚 in modern usage.

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Korean

Hanja

墟 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 墟 (hư, khư)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation