虧
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See also: 亏
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]虧 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜土一一尸 (YGMMS), four-corner 21227, composition ⿰雐亏(GHTV) or ⿰雐亐(JK))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 42
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32770
- Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 14
- Unihan data for U+8667
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 虧 | |
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simp. | 亏* |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 虧 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
巇 | *qʰra |
隵 | *qʰra |
嚱 | *qʰras |
盧 | *b·raː |
鑪 | *raː |
壚 | *raː |
籚 | *raː |
蘆 | *raː, *ra |
顱 | *b·raː |
髗 | *b·raː |
鱸 | *raː |
攎 | *raː |
櫨 | *raː |
轤 | *raː |
黸 | *raː |
獹 | *raː |
鸕 | *raː |
艫 | *raː |
纑 | *raː |
瀘 | *raː |
瓐 | *raː |
爐 | *raː |
嚧 | *raː |
矑 | *b·raː |
罏 | *raː |
蠦 | *raː |
虜 | *raːʔ |
擄 | *raːʔ |
艣 | *raːʔ |
鐪 | *raːʔ |
虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
虍 | *qʰaː |
雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
臚 | *b·ra |
廬 | *ra |
驢 | *b·ra |
藘 | *ra |
爈 | *ra, *ras |
櫖 | *ra, *ras |
儢 | *raʔ |
慮 | *ras |
勴 | *ras |
鑢 | *ras |
濾 | *ras |
攄 | *r̥ʰa |
處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
據 | *kas |
鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
墟 | *kʰa |
懅 | *ɡa |
蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
籧 | *ɡa |
醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
璩 | *ɡa |
虡 | *ɡaʔ |
遽 | *ɡas |
勮 | *ɡas |
噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
驉 | *qʰa |
歔 | *qʰa |
魖 | *qʰa |
膚 | *pla |
虧 | *kʰʷral |
噱 | *ɡaɡ |
臄 | *ɡaɡ |
劇 | *ɡaɡ |
諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰʷral) : phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”).
Etymology
[edit]- “quecto-”
- Phono-semantic matching of English quecto-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khuî
- Northern Min (KCR): kṳ́
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kuei
- Wade–Giles: kʻuei1
- Yale: kwēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuei
- Palladius: куй (kuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kwai1
- Yale: kwāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: kwai1
- Guangdong Romanization: kuei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khuî
- Hakka Romanization System: kuiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kui1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 虧 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kʰuei²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kʰuei²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kʰue²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kʰuei²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kʰuei²¹/ | |
Xining | /kʰuɨ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kʰuei³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /kʰuei⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /kʰuei⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /kʰuəi³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kʰue²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuei¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kʰuei¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kʰuei³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/ /kʰue⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kʰue̞⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kʰui³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kʰai³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kʰue³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/ /kʰue¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kʰuei³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kʰuəi³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kʰui⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰui⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰui²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰwɐi⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kʰʷɐi⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kʰwɐi⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰui⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰuoi⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰy⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰui³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /xui²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: khjwe
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰ(r)aj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷral/
Definitions
[edit]虧
- to lose; to suffer losses
- to be lacking; to be deficient
- to treat unfairly
- luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to
- used to show irony with a note of reproach
- (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy
- (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break
- [from 2022] (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
Synonyms
[edit]- (to lose):
- (to be lacking):
- 不夠/不够 (bùgòu)
- 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
- 不滿/不满 (bùmǎn)
- 不足 (bùzú)
- 乏達/乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 匱乏/匮乏 (kuìfá)
- 欠 (qiàn)
- 欠缺 (qiànquē)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 絕乏/绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
- 缺乏 (quēfá)
- 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 貧/贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
- 闕乏/阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
- 闕如/阙如 (quērú) (literary)
- (to treat unfairly):
- (luckily):
- 佳哉 (Hokkien)
- 多虧/多亏 (duōkuī)
- 好代得 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 好佳哉 (Hokkien)
- 好值得 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 好在 (hǎozài)
- 好彩 (Cantonese, Hakka)
- 好得 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)
- 好是 (hǎoshì) (formal)
- 好路 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 幸好 (xìnghǎo)
- 幸而 (xìng'ér)
- 幸虧/幸亏 (xìngkuī)
- 得虧/得亏 (děikuī) (dialectal)
- 打幫/打帮 (Hakka)
- 虧得/亏得 (kuīde)
- 造化 (cô̤-*huá) (Eastern Min)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to lose”): (literary, or in compounds) 盈 (yíng)
- (antonym(s) of “to treat unfairly”):
Compounds
[edit]- 不吃虧/不吃亏
- 不虧/不亏
- 初虧/初亏
- 功虧一簣/功亏一篑 (gōngkuīyīkuì)
- 吃啞吧虧/吃哑吧亏
- 吃眼前虧/吃眼前亏
- 吃虧/吃亏 (chīkuī)
- 命虧/命亏
- 啞巴虧/哑巴亏 (yǎbakuī)
- 多虧/多亏 (duōkuī)
- 大敗虧輸/大败亏输
- 幸虧/幸亏 (xìngkuī)
- 心虧/心亏
- 悶虧/闷亏 (mènkuī)
- 扭虧/扭亏
- 拉虧空/拉亏空
- 暗室虧心/暗室亏心
- 月滿則虧/月满则亏
- 月盈則虧/月盈则亏
- 有虧職守/有亏职守
- 理虧/理亏 (lǐkuī)
- 盈則必虧/盈则必亏
- 盈虧/盈亏 (yíngkuī)
- 益謙虧盈/益谦亏盈
- 腎虧/肾亏 (shènkuī)
- 落虧欠/落亏欠
- 虧不盡/亏不尽
- 虧圖/亏图
- 虧失/亏失
- 虧待/亏待 (kuīdài)
- 虧得/亏得 (kuīde)
- 虧心/亏心 (kuīxīn)
- 虧心事/亏心事 (kuīxīnshì)
- 虧心短行/亏心短行
- 虧折/亏折
- 虧損/亏损 (kuīsǔn)
- 虧本/亏本 (kuīběn)
- 虧欠/亏欠 (kuīqiàn)
- 虧殺/亏杀
- 虧短/亏短
- 虧空/亏空 (kuīkong)
- 虧累/亏累
- 虧耗/亏耗
- 虧蝕/亏蚀 (kuīshí)
- 虧負/亏负 (kuīfù)
- 虧輸/亏输
- 血虧/血亏 (xuèkuī)
- 行虧名缺/行亏名缺
- 負虧/负亏
- 超虧/超亏
See also
[edit]SI prefix | ||
---|---|---|
Last | ||
絨/柔/绒/柔 | 匱/虧/匮/亏 |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]虧
- wane (moon)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]虧: Hán Nôm readings: khuy, khuya, khuây
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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