匱

See also: 匮

匱	U+5331, 匱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5331

← 匰
[U+5330]

CJK Unified Ideographs

匲 →
[U+5332]

Translingual

Han character

匱 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 尸中一金 (SLMC), four-corner 7171₈, composition ⿷匚貴)

Derived characters

㙺, 櫃, 鑎, 䕚, 籄

Additional Derived Characters

𠏺, 𡣓, 𫻑, 𢷴, 𥎛, 𲴑, 𦆠, 𩍨, 𩏱

Descendants

櫃

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 154, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2651
Dae Jaweon: page 346, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 89, character 14
Unihan data for U+5331

Chinese

trad.		匱
simp.		匮
alternative forms		㙺／𰊛鐀／𬭢鑎𨙑𰅩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (貴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藬	*l'uːl
僓	l̥ʰuːlʔ, ɡluːds
頹	*l'uːl
穨	*l'uːl
蘈	*l'uːl
隤	*l'uːl
墤	l'uːl, kʰruːds
尵	l'uːl, r'uːl
蹪	*l'uːl
瀢	l'uːlʔ, lulʔ
鞼	kluːl, ɡruls
膭	kluːl, ɡluːls
憒	*kluːds
靧	*ɡluːds
潰	*ɡluːls
繢	*ɡluːds
嬇	ɡluːds, kʰruːds
殨	*ɡluːds
闠	*ɡluːds
簣	kʰruːds, ɡruds
嘳	kʰruːds, kʰruds
蕢	kʰruːds, ɡruds
聵	*ŋɡruːds
樻	kʰruds, ɡruds
䙡	kʰruds, kʰluds
匱	*ɡruds
臾	ɡruds, lo
饋	*ɡruls
櫃	*ɡruds
遺	lul, luls
壝	lul, lulʔ
瞶	luls, kluls
貴	*kluds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡruds): semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”).

Etymology

“quecto-”: Phono-semantic matching of English quecto-. Coined by the Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection of the Republic of China Ministry of Economic Affairs (經濟部標準檢驗局) and first published on 31 October 2023.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuì (kui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khùi / kūi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuèi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei⁴
  - Yale: kwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuey
  - Palladius: куй (kuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gwai⁶
  - Yale: gwaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
  - Tâi-lô: khuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quix
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰui²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūi
  - Tâi-lô: kuī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kui
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kui²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: gwijH

Rime
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	求位切
Baxter	gwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjwi^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjui^H/
Wang Li	/ɡwi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ruj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gwij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ruj-s/
English	box (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4733
Phonetic component	貴
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	匱
Old Chinese	/*ɡruds/

Definitions

匱

(literary) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of
- 錢之為言泉也。百姓日用，其源不匱。無遠不往，無深不至。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  钱之为言泉也。百姓日用，其源不匮。无远不往，无深不至。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Western Jin, 魯褒, 錢神論
  Qián zhī wèi yán quán yě. Bǎixìng rì yòng, qí yuán bù kuì. Wú yuǎn bù wǎng, wú shēn bù zhì. [Pinyin]
  Money is also called a spring. The masses use it daily, its source never runs dry. There is no distant place it does not go to; there are no depths it does not reach.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 簣 / 篑 (kuì, “basket for carrying earth”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 潰 / 溃 (“to collapse; to be routed”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 饋 / 馈 (kuì, “to gift”)
[from 2023] (Taiwan) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
Synonym: 虧 / 亏 (kuī) (Mainland)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
  - Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
  - Yale: gwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gwai⁶
  - Yale: gwaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/

Middle Chinese: gwijH

Rime
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	求位切
Baxter	gwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjwi^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjui^H/
Wang Li	/ɡwi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ruj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gwij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ruj-s/
English	box (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4733
Phonetic component	貴
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	匱
Old Chinese	/*ɡruds/

Definitions

匱

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 櫃／柜 (guì, “cabinet; cupboard; reservoir”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

匱

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): き (ki)、ぎ (gi)
Kun: ひつ (hitsu)

References

“^▲匱”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

匱 (eum 궤 (gwe))

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Vietnamese

Han character

匱: Hán Nôm readings: quĩ

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SI prefix
Number	Taiwan	Mainland
$10^{-27}$	絨 / 绒 (róng)	柔 (róu)
$10^{-30}$	匱 / 匮	虧 / 亏 (kuī)