天竺
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Chinese[edit]
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (天竺) | 天 | 竺 | |
| simp. #(天竺) | 天 | 竺 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
First recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Old Persian [script needed] (*Hinduka-) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hinduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).
Proper noun[edit]
天竺
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Sino-Xenic (天竺):
Etymology 2[edit]
Per 《北京市顺义县地名志》:
In Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:
- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。
In Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.
Proper noun[edit]
天竺
- (～地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)
Japanese[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 竺 |
| てん Grade: 1 |
じく Jinmeiyō |
| on’yomi | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
/tendiku/ → /tend͡ʑiku/
From Middle Chinese 天竺 (MC then trjuwk), a transcription from either of the following:
- Old Persian *Hind-uka ("people living beyond the Indus") an alternative of *Hinduš (“Indus, people of the Indus”)
- Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu, “the country of the Indus river, India (later, after Herodotus)”)[3]
First mentioned in the 後漢書 (Gokansho, “Book of the Later Han”), in volume 88, the 西域伝 (Saiiki Den, “Treatise on the Western Regions”).
Proper noun[edit]
天竺 • (Tenjiku) ←てんぢく (tendiku)?
Synonyms[edit]
Prefix[edit]
天竺 • (Tenjiku) ←てんぢく (tendiku)?
Usage notes[edit]
The prefix senses appear to have arisen after European traders arrived in Japan, by way of India.[3]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 天竺葵 (Tenjiku aoi): an “Indian hollyhock or mallow” → a geranium
- 天竺織 (tenjiku ori): “Indian weaving” → a kind of thick woven cloth featuring various designs of birds, people, and other motifs
- 天竺花 (Tenjiku ka): an “Indian flower” → alternate for 萩 (hagi, “bush clover”)
- 天竺楽 (Tenjiku gaku): “Indian music” → those pieces of 雅楽 (gagaku, “ancient court music”) originating from India
- 天竺鮫 (Tenjiku-zame): an “Indian shark” → a wobbegong, a shark of family Orectolobidae
- 天竺鯛 (Tenjiku-dai): an “Indian sea bream” → a kind of cardinalfish, Apogon lineatus
- 天竺茄子 (Tenjiku nasubi): “Indian eggplant” → alternate for 朝鮮朝顔 (Chōsen asagao, literally “Korean morning glory”): the devil's trumpet or metel, Datura metel
- 天竺鼠 (Tenjiku nezumi): an “Indian rat” → a guinea pig, a cavy
- 天竺醤 (Tenjiku hishio): “Indian sauce” → a kind of spicy uncooked miso
- 天竺菩提樹 (Tenjiku bodaiju): “Indian linden tree” → the bodhi tree, Ficus religiosa
- 天竺牡丹 (Tenjiku botan): an “Indian peony” → a dahlia
- 天竺豆 (Tenjiku mame): “Indian bean” → alternate for 八升豆 (hasshō mame): the velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens
- 天竺守 (Tenjiku mamori): “Indian protector, Indian charm” → alternate for 八房 (yatsubusa), the fasciculatum variety of Capsicum annuum (chili pepper)
- 天竺味噌 (Tenjiku miso): “Indian miso” → spicy miso
- 天竺木綿 (Tenjiku momen): “Indian cotton” → thickly woven cotton sheeting
- 天竺様 (Tenjiku yō): “Indian style” → a style of Buddhist temple architecture imported from the Southern Song Dynasty during the Kamakura period
Etymology 2[edit]
By extension from the 天 character (“sky, heavens”), and possibly by association with the Himalayas.
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 天竺豆 (tenjiku mame): “sky bean” → alternate for 空豆 (sora mame): the broad bean or fava bean, Vicia faba
- 天竺浪人 (tenjiku rōnin): a vagrant, a wanderer (The 天竺 portion of this term is purely slang, a play on the term 逐電 (chikuden, “running away, absconding”, literally “chasing lightning”).)
References[edit]
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 竺 |
Proper noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 竺 |
Proper noun[edit]
天竺
- chữ Hán form of Thiên Trúc (“India”).
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