孌

See also: 娈

孌 U+5B4C, 孌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B4C ← 孋 [U+5B4B] CJK Unified Ideographs 孍 → [U+5B4D]

Translingual

Han character

孌 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 女火女 (VFV), four-corner 2240₁, composition ⿱龻女)

1. lovely, beautiful
2. docile, obedient

Derived characters

• 𭒵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 274, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6912
• Dae Jaweon: page 542, character 41
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1091, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5B4C

Chinese

trad.		孌
simp.		娈
alternative forms		㜻 𡢛 𡤣 𡤨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (䜌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蠻	*mroːn
矕	*mroːnʔ
變	*prons
鸞	*b·roːn
巒	*b·roːn
灤	*b·roːn
欒	*b·roːn
鑾	*b·roːn
臠	*b·roːn, *b·ronʔ
羉	*b·roːn
䜌	*b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons
灓	*b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons
圝	*b·roːn
曫	*b·roːn
孿	*smroːns, *smrons
彎	*qroːn
灣	*qroːn
攣	*b·ron
孌	*b·ronʔ, *b·rons
戀	*b·rons
㪻	*pʰlons, *klons

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luán, lüǎn, luǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˊ, ㄌㄩㄢˇ, ㄌㄨㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun⁵ / lyun²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lán

  (Hailu, HRS): lan^ˊ

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): lung⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): luāng / luông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): luang² / luong²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): loân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): luêng⁵ / luang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luán
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luán
    • Wade–Giles: luan²
    • Yale: lwán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luan
    • Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯än³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lüǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lyuǎn
    • Wade–Giles: lüan³
    • Yale: lywǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leuan
    • Palladius: люань (ljuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly̯ɛn²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luǎn
    • Wade–Giles: luan³
    • Yale: lwǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: loan
    • Palladius: луань (luanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯än²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lyun⁵ / lyun²
    • Yale: lyúhn / lyún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lyn⁵ / lyn²
    • Guangdong Romanization: lün⁵ / lün²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyːn¹³/, /lyːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lán
    • Hakka Romanization System: lan^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lan³
    • Sinological IPA: /lan³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: lan^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /lan²⁴/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: lung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /luŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: luāng / luông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uaŋ³³/, /l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: luang²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: luáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /luaŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: luong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /luoŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loân
    • Tâi-lô: luân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loaan
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /luan²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /luan²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /luan¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /luan²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: luêng⁵ / luang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luêng / luâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lueŋ⁵⁵/, /luaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• luêng5 - Chaozhou;
• luang5 - Shantou, Jieyang.

---

• Middle Chinese: ljwenX, ljwenH

Rime
Character	孌	孌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力兖切	力卷切
Baxter	ljwenX	ljwenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇnX/	/liuᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛnX/	/lʷiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuænX/	/ljuænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwianX/	/lwianH/
Li Rong	/liuɛnX/	/liuɛnH/
Wang Li	/lĭwɛnX/	/lĭwɛnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯wɛnX/	/li̯wɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luǎn	luàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lyun5	lyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]onʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·ronʔ/, /*b·rons/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ljwenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]onʔ/
English	beautiful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孌	孌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8631	8633
Phonetic component		
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	臠	戀
Old Chinese	/*b·ronʔ/	/*b·rons/
Notes		說文慕也後作戀

Definitions

孌

1. (literary) lovely; beautiful

   • 猗嗟孌兮，清揚婉兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     猗嗟娈兮，清扬婉兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yī jiē luán xī, qīngyáng wǎn xī. [Pinyin]

     Alas for him, so beautiful! His bright eyes and high forehead, how lovely!

2. (literary) docile; obedient

Compounds

• 婉孌 / 婉娈
• 孌童 / 娈童 (luántóng)
• 蕃孌 / 蕃娈

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00729
• “孌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• William Campbell (1913), A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 472.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “娈”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 147.
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “娈”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 376.

Japanese

Kanji

孌

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ばん (ban)、まん (man)
• Kan-on: れん (ren)、らん (ran)
• Kun: したう (shitau, 孌)、すなお (sunao, 孌)、みめよい (mimeyoi, 孌い)

Korean

Hanja

孌 (eum 련 (ryeon))

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Vietnamese

Han character

孌: Hán Nôm readings: luyến

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation