孤
Translingual
Han character
孤 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5 in Chinese, 子+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓木竹女人 (NDHVO), four-corner 12430, composition ⿰子瓜)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
- Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1014, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5B64
Chinese
trad. | 孤 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 孤 |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʷaː) : semantic 子 (“child”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).
Etymology
Related to 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “alone; widow”), 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ku
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gu
- Wade–Giles: ku1
- Yale: gū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gu1
- Yale: gū
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu1
- Guangdong Romanization: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
- Hakka Romanization System: guˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu1
- Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 孤 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ku⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ku²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ku²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ku²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ku²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ku²¹/ | |
Xining | /kv̩⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ku³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ku³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ku²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ku¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ku¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ku³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ku⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ku³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ku³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ku³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ku¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ku³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ku³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ku⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ku⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ku⁵³/ |
Nanning | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kɔ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ku⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kou³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ku²³/ ~獨 /kɔu²³/ ~寒 |
- Middle Chinese: ku
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaː/
Definitions
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
- 遺孤 (iko): orphan
- 孤雲 (kōn)
- 孤影 (koei)
- 孤猿 (koen)
- 孤介 (kokai)
- 孤客 (kokaku)
- 孤雁 (kogan)
- 孤笈 (kokyū)
- 孤衾 (kokin)
- 孤軍 (kogun)
- 孤閨 (kokei)
- 孤月 (kogetsu)
- 孤剣 (koken)
- 孤高 (kokō)
- 孤坐 (koza)
- 孤在 (kozai)
- 孤山 (kozan)
- 孤児 (koji)
- 孤弱 (kojaku)
- 孤樹 (koju)
- 孤舟 (koshū)
- 孤愁 (koshū)
- 孤称 (koshō)
- 孤聳 (koshō)
- 孤城 (kojō)
- 孤食 (koshoku)
- 孤身 (koshin)
- 孤棲 (kosei): living alone
- 孤絶 (kozetsu)
- 孤村 (koson)
- 孤尊 (koson)
- 孤忠 (kochū)
- 孤注 (kochū)
- 孤灯 (kotō)
- 孤島 (kotō)
- 孤独 (kodoku)
- 孤帆 (kohan)
- 孤平 (kohyō)
- 孤峰 (kohō)
- 孤篷庵 (kohōan)
- 孤本 (kohon)
- 孤立 (koritsu): isolation
- 孤塁 (korui)
- 孤例 (korei)
- 孤老 (korō)
- 孤陋 (korō)
- 単孤 (tanko)
- 徳は孤ならず必ず隣あり (toku wa ko narazu kanarazu tonari ari)
- 孤児 (minashigo)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
孤 |
こ Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 孤 (ku).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
孤 |
みなしご Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Jukujikun kanji use for the term みなしご, itself a compound of 身 (mi, “identity, family”) + 無 (nashi, “none, without”) + 子 (ko, “child”). The final syllable's ko reading changes to go due to rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Alternative forms
Noun
References
Korean
Hanja
孤 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 孤 (cô, co, còi, côi, go, gò)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Hakka pronouns
- Eastern Min pronouns
- Hokkien pronouns
- Teochew pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Middle Chinese pronouns
- Old Chinese pronouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 孤
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みなしご
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひと・り
- Japanese terms spelled with 孤 read as こ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 孤
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 孤 read as みなしご
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with rendaku
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters