徒

See also: 徙

Translingual

Han character

徒 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人土卜人 (HOGYO), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰彳走)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10121
• Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 823, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5F92

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		徒
alternative forms		𨑒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 徒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aː) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 徒

1. to be on foot
2. foot soldier
3. disciple; follower; adherent
4. religious follower; apostle; worshipper
5. prison sentence
6. (derogatory) suffix for people with certain characteristics
7. bare; plain
8. merely; only; just
9. in vain; unsuccessfully; to no avail
10. a surname

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Japanese

Kanji

徒

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. going on foot
2. empty-handed
3. useless, in vain
4. disciple
5. a party, a gang
6. criminal, penal servitude

Readings

• Go-on: ず (zu)^{←づ (du, historical)}
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kun: いたずら (itazura)^{←いたづら (itadura, historical)}; あだ (ada); かち (kachi); ともがら (tomogara); むだ (muda)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)

Compounds

Compounds

• 徒(と)競(きょう)走(そう) (tokyōsō)
• 徒(と)刑(けい) (tokei)
• 徒(と)行(こう) (tokō)
• 徒(と)死(し) (toshi)
• 徒(と)爾(じ) (toji)
• 徒(と)手(しゅ) (toshu)
• 徒(と)消(しょう) (toshō)
• 徒(と)渉(しょう) (toshō)
• 徒(と)食(しょく) (toshoku)
• 徒(と)跣(せん) (tosen)
• 徒(と)然(ぜん) (tozen)
• 徒(と)卒(そつ) (tosotsu)
• 徒(と)長(ちょう) (tochō)
• 徒(と)弟(てい) (totei)
• 徒(と)党(とう) (totō)
• 徒(と)輩(はい) (tohai)
• 徒(と)費(ひ) (tohi)
• 徒(と)歩(ほ) (toho)
• 徒(と)法(ほう) (tohō)
• 徒(と)労(ろう) (torō)
• 徒(と)論(ろん) (toron)
• 学(がく)徒(と) (gakuto)
• 奸(かん)徒(と), 姦(かん)徒(と) (kanto)
• 義(ぎ)徒(と) (gito)
• 逆(ぎゃく)徒(と) (gyakuto)
• 凶(きょう)徒(と), 兇(きょう)徒(と) (kyōto)
• 教(きょう)徒(と) (kyōto)
• 刑(けい)徒(と) (keito)
• 残(ざん)徒(と) (zanto)
• 使(し)徒(と) (shito)
• 緇(し)徒(と) (shito)
• 囚(しゅう)徒(と) (shūto)
• 宗(しゅう)徒(と) (shūto)
• 酒(しゅ)徒(と) (shuto)
• 信(しん)徒(と) (shinto)
• 生(せい)徒(と) (seito)
• 聖(せい)徒(と) (seito)
• 僧(そう)徒(と) (sōto)
• 賊(ぞく)徒(と) (zokuto)
• 檀(だん)徒(と) (danto)
• 博(ばく)徒(と) (bakuto)
• 叛(はん)徒(と) (hanto)
• 匪(ひ)徒(と) (hito)
• 仏(ぶっ)徒(と) (butto)
• 暴(ぼう)徒(と) (bōto)
• 門(もん)徒(と) (monto)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
徒
いたずら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Adjective

徒(いたずら) • (itazura) ^{←いたづら (itadura)?†}-nari

1. (Classical Japanese) useless, pointless, fruitless
2. (Classical Japanese) unsatisfied because there is nothing to be; tasteless
3. (Classical Japanese) in idleness

Noun

徒(いたずら) • (itazura) ^{←いたづら (itadura)?}

1. a kind of women's hairstyles in the late Edo period

Derived terms

• 徒(いたず)らに (itazurani, “uselessly, pointlessly”)
• 悪戯(いたずら) (itazura, “prank, mischief”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
徒
あだ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Adjective

徒(あだ) • (ada) ^†-nari

1. (Classical Japanese) useless, fruitless
2. (Classical Japanese) ephemeral, temporary
3. (Classical Japanese) fickle, frivolous
4. (Classical Japanese) slack, lukewarm

Derived terms

• 徒(あだ)になる (ada ni naru, “to backfire, to have a harmful result”)
• 徒花(あだばな) (adabana, “blossom that bear no fruit; things which being gorgeous in the pretence but worthless in actuality”)
• 徒徒(あだあだ)し (adaadashi)
• 徒(あだ)う (adau)
• 徒(あだ)く (adaku)
• 徒(あだ)げ (adage)
• 徒(あだ)し (adashi)
• 徒(あだ)つく (adatsuku)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
徒
かち Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry.

【かち】 [noun] 徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩: (dated) walking, going on foot [noun] 徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩, 徒士: (historical) a lower-level samurai who accompanies with the master in walking and goes on the beginning of the parade Alternative spellings 歩, 歩行, 徒歩, 徒士

(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
徒
ただ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry.

【ただタダ】 [noun] 徒, 只: ordinary, common, nothing special Alternative spelling 只 【ただ】 [adjective] 徒, 只: ordinary, simple [adjective] 徒, 只: nothing Alternative spelling 只

(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
徒
むだ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry.

【無駄むだ】 [adjective] useless, pointless; meaningless [adjective] wasteful [noun] uselessness; no good; being in vain; futility [noun] waste Alternative spelling ムダ

(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
徒
と Grade: 4
kan'on

Noun

徒(と) • (to) 

1. fellows, same kind people; a set, a party, a gang

   Synonyms: 輩 (yakara), 輩 (tomogara)

Derived terms

• 口(こう)舌(ぜつ)の徒(と) (kōzetsu no to)
• 市(し)井(せい)の徒(と) (shisei no to)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
徒
ず Grade: 4
goon

Noun

徒(ず) • (zu) ^{←づ (du)?}

1. one of the punishments in the ancient Ritsuryō system; penal servitude

   Synonyms: 徒刑 (tokei), 懲役 (chōeki)

Derived terms

• 徒(ず)罪(ざい) (zuzai)
• 徒(ず)人(にん) (zunin)
• 流(る)徒(ず) (ruzu)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
徒
かし Grade: 4
irregular

<kasi> → /kaɕi/

From Eastern dialectal form of Old Japanese. Cognate with Modern Japanese かち (kachi, “walking, going on foot”)

Noun

徒(かし) • (kashi) 

1. (Classical Japanese, dialectal) Obsolete form of かち (kachi): walking, going on foot
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4417:

     阿加胡麻乎(あかごまを)　夜麻努尓波賀志(やまのにはがし)　刀里加尓弖(とりかにて)　多麻能余許夜麻(たまのよこやま)　加志(かし)由加也良牟(ゆかやらむ) [Man'yōgana]

     赤駒(あかごま)を　山野(やまの)に放(はが)し　捕(と)りかにて　多摩(たま)の横山(よこやま)　徒(かし)ゆか遣(や)らむ [Modern spelling]

     <Akago₁ma wo yamano₁ ni pagasi to₁rikanite Tama no₂ yo₂ko₂yama kasi yuka yaramu>
     → Akagoma o yamano ni hagashi torikanite Tama no yokoyama kashi yuka yaramu

     Having our red horse pastured on the mountain field, but we couldn't catch it; so I'll send him, who'll go on foot through the mountains on the side of Tama.

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Korean

Hanja

徒 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 徒 (đồ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.