復

See also: 复 and 覆

Translingual

Han character

復 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 2824₇, composition ⿰彳复)

Derived characters

• 履 覆

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 369, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
• Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 834, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5FA9

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Chinese

trad.		復
simp.		复*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 復
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	*puɡs, *puɡ
覆	*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復	*buɡs, *buɡ
椱	*buɡs, *buɡ
複	*buɡs, *puɡ
馥	*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buɡs, *buɡ) : semantic 彳 (“walk”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “repeat”).

Walk back and forth.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk⁶ / fau⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
• Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): hók
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k / hok / hiū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸ / huin³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fuk⁶ / fau⁶
    • Yale: fuhk / fauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹ / fau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶ / feo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚²/, /fɐu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
    • Tâi-lô: hok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiū
    • Tâi-lô: hiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiu⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁸ / huin³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k / hùiⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/, /hũĩ²¹³/

Note:

• hog8 - literary;
• huin3 - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: bjuwH, bjuwk

Rime
Character	復	復
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	扶富切	房六切
Baxter	bjuwH	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuH/	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuH/	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biəuH/	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwH/	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuH/	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭəuH/	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯uH/	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau6	fuk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N]-pruk-s/, /*m-p(r)uk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*buɡs/, /*buɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	復	復
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwH ›	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[N]-pruk-s/	/*m-p(r)uk/
English	again	return
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	復	復
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3537	3550
Phonetic component	复	复
Rime group	奧	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	復	伏
Old Chinese	/*buɡs/	/*buɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 復

1. to return
2. to repeat
3. repeatedly
4. 24th hexagram of the I Ching

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Japanese

Kanji

復

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. restore
2. return to
3. revert
4. resume

Readings

• Go-on: ぶく (buku)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
• Kun: かえる (kaeru, 復る); かえす (kaesu, 復す); また (mata, 復)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
復
また Grade: 5
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 復 – see the following entry.

【また】 [adverb] again, as well [conjunction] and, also Alternative spellings 又, 亦, 也

(This term, 復, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

復 • (bok, bu) (hangeul 복, 부, revised bok, bu, McCune–Reischauer pok, pu, Yale pok, pu)

1. return
2. repeat
3. repeatedly

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 復 (phục, phức)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.