悾

Translingual

Han character

悾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心十金一 (PJCM), four-corner 9301₁, composition ⿰忄空)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 389, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10746
• Dae Jaweon: page 723, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2319, character 3
• Unihan data for U+60BE

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Chinese

trad.		悾
simp. #		悾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
缸	*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢	*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹	*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐	*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kōng (kong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kong
    • Wade–Giles: kʻung¹
    • Yale: kūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
    • Palladius: кун (kun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hung¹
    • Yale: hūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong
    • Tâi-lô: khong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: khuwng, khaewng, khuwngH

Rime
Character	悾	悾	悾
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	江 (9)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II	I
Fanqie	苦紅切	苦江切	苦貢切
Baxter	khuwng	khaewng	khuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuŋ/	/kʰˠʌŋ/	/kʰuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuŋ/	/kʰᵚɔŋ/	/kʰuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuŋ/	/kʰɔŋ/	/kʰuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwŋ/	/kʰaɨwŋ/	/kʰəwŋH/
Li Rong	/kʰuŋ/	/kʰɔŋ/	/kʰuŋH/
Wang Li	/kʰuŋ/	/kʰɔŋ/	/kʰuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuŋ/	/kʰɔŋ/	/kʰuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kōng	qiāng	kòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung1	hong1	hung3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːŋ/, /*kʰoːŋ/, /*kʰoːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悾	悾	悾
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	4010	4041	4048
Phonetic component	工	工	工
Rime group	東	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	腔	空	控
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːŋ/	/*kʰoːŋ/	/*kʰoːŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 悾

1. (literary) sincere
2. (literary) empty

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǒng (kong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǒng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻung³
    • Yale: kǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koong
    • Palladius: кун (kun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 悾

1. ^‡ Only used in 悾憁 (“poverty-stricken; destitute”).

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Japanese

Kanji

悾

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)、く (ku)
• Kun: まこと (makoto, 悾)

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Korean

Hanja

悾 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.