指導

See also: 指导

Chinese

		finger; to point; to direct finger; to point; to direct; to indicate	to transmit; to lead; to guide to transmit; to lead; to guide; to conduct; to direct
trad. (指導)		指	導
simp. (指导)		指	导

Etymology

Attested earliest in a memorial submitted to Emperor Xuan of Han by Lu Wenshu, then quoted in Xun Yue's 《前漢紀》 (Annals of the Former Han) (translation from Friedman, 2023^[1]):

捶楚之下，何求⽽不得。故囚⼈不勝痛，則飾辭以示⼈。吏治者利其然，則指導以明之；…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
捶楚之下，何求⽽不得。故囚⼈不胜痛，则饰辞以示⼈。吏治者利其然，则指导以明之；…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 73 BCE, Lu Wenshu (路溫舒), memorial submitted to Emperor Xuan of Han (漢宣帝); quoted in late 2nd - early 3rd century CE 《前漢紀》 (Annals of the Former Han) by 荀悅 (Xun Yue)
Chuíchǔ zhī xià, hé qiú ér bùdé. Gù qiúrén bù shèng tòng, zé shìcí yǐ shì rén. Lìzhì zhě lì qí rán, zé zhǐdǎo yǐ míng zhī;...... [Pinyin]
Under blows of the switch, anything sought will be found. So when those in prison cannot bear the pain, then they embellish the confessions that will be made public. Officials in charge of cases profit from this fact, and thus lead prisoners on to make their statements clear. [...]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǐdǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄓˇ ㄉㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi² dou⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́-thô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chí-tō͘ / chí-tō

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi² dao⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐdǎo [Phonetic: zhídǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄉㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhdǎo
  - Wade–Giles: chih³-tao³
  - Yale: jř-dǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyydao
  - Palladius: чжидао (čžidao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi² dou⁶
  - Yale: jí douh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² dou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji² dou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ tou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́-thô
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˋ to^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi³ to¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹ tʰo²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-tō͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsí-tōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cy'do
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-tō
  - Tâi-lô: tsí-tō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cy'doi
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi² dao⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí tău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ tau³⁵/

Verb

指導

to guide; to give direction; to steer; to instruct; to coach
指導思想／指导思想 ― zhǐdǎo sīxiǎng ― guiding ideology; guiding principles

就業指導／就业指导 ― jiùyè zhǐdǎo ― careers guidance

指導委員會／指导委员会 ― zhǐdǎo wěiyuánhuì ― steering committee

在藥師指導下／在药师指导下 ― zài yàoshī zhǐdǎo xià ― under the instruction of a pharmacist

請您過目一下，提出指導意見。 [MSC, trad.]
请您过目一下，提出指导意见。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng nín guòmù yīxià, tíchū zhǐdǎo yìjiàn. [Pinyin]
Please go over it and provide some guidance.

該組織已經出臺了相關的指導文件。 [MSC, trad.]
该组织已经出台了相关的指导文件。 [MSC, simp.]
Gāi zǔzhī yǐjīng chūtái le xiāngguān de zhǐdǎo wénjiàn. [Pinyin]
The organization has issued relevant guidelines.

Synonyms

edit

主導 / 主导 (zhǔdǎo)
嚮導 / 向导 (xiàngdǎo)
帶等 / 带等 (Taiwanese Hakka)
帶緊 / 带紧 (Zhao'an Hakka)
帶領 / 带领 (dàilǐng)
引入 (yǐnrù)
引向 (yǐnxiàng)
引導 / 引导 (yǐndǎo)
引𤆬 (Hokkien)
引領 / 引领 (yǐnlǐng)
指引 (zhǐyǐn)
指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
指揮 / 指挥 (zhǐhuī)
指示 (zhǐshì)
指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
率領 / 率领 (shuàilǐng)
疏導 / 疏导 (shūdǎo) (through persuasion)
統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統率 / 统率 (tǒngshuài)
統領 / 统领 (tǒnglǐng)
董督 (dǒngdū) (literary)
誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
誘導 / 诱导 (yòudǎo)
領導 / 领导 (lǐngdǎo)
點厾 / 点厾 (Hokkien)
點撥 / 点拨 (diǎnbō) (informal)

Derived terms

Related terms

輔導／辅导 (fǔdǎo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (指導):

→ Japanese: 指(し)導(どう) (shidō)
→ Korean: 지도(指導) (jido)
→ Vietnamese: chỉ đạo (指導)

Noun

指導

instructor; coach; trainer

Synonyms

教練員／教练员 (jiàoliànyuán)

References

^ Friedman, Daniel Butler (2023) ‘Discarding That, Adopting This’ 去彼取此: The Northern Wei and Stories of Chinese Legal History (PhD)‎^[1], w:University of California, Berkeley, page 118

Japanese

Kanji in this term
指	導
し Grade: 3	どう Grade: 5
on'yomi	goon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しどー [shìdóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɕido̞ː]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 指導する

Plain	指導する	しどー・する	`[shìdóó sùrú]`
Conjunctive	指導して	しどー・して	`[shìdóó shìté]`
Perfective	指導した	しどー・した	`[shìdóó shìtá]`
Negative	指導しない	しどー・しない	`[shìdóó shìnáí]`
Negative perfective	指導しなかった	しどー・しなかった	`[shìdóó shìnáꜜkàttà]`
Hypothetical conditional	指導すれば	しどー・すれば	`[shìdóó sùréꜜbà]`
Past conditional	指導したら	しどー・したら	`[shìdóó shìtáꜜrà]`
Imperative	指導しろ指導せよ	しどー・しろしどー・せよ	`[shìdóó shìró]` `[shìdóó séꜜyò]`
Volitional	指導しよう	しどー・しよー	`[shìdóó shìyóꜜò]`
Desiderative	指導したい	しどー・したい	`[shìdóó shìtáí]`
Formal	指導します	しどー・します	`[shìdóó shìmáꜜsù]`
Formal negative	指導しません	しどー・しません	`[shìdóó shìmáséꜜǹ]`
Formal volitional	指導しましょう	しどー・しましょー	`[shìdóó shìmáshóꜜò]`
Formal perfective	指導しました	しどー・しました	`[shìdóó shìmáꜜshìtà]`
Continuative	指導し指導しに	しどー・ししどー・しに	`[shìdóó shì]` `[shìdóó shì ní]`
Negative continuative	指導せず指導せずに	しどー・せずしどー・せずに	`[shìdóó séꜜzù]` `[shìdóó séꜜzù nì]`
Passive	指導される	しどー・される	`[shìdóó sàrérú]`
Causative	指導させる指導さす	しどー・させるしどー・さす	`[shìdóó sàsérú]` `[shìdóó sàsú]`
Potential	指導できる	しどー・できる	`[shìdóó dèkíꜜrù]`

Noun

指(し)導(どう) • (shidō) ^{←しだう (sidau)^?}

guidance; leadership

Derived terms

Verb

指(し)導(どう)する • (shidō suru) ^{←しだう (sidau)^?}transitive suru (stem 指(し)導(どう)し (shidō shi), past 指(し)導(どう)した (shidō shita))

to guide; to lead

Conjugation

Conjugation of "指導する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	指導し	しどうし	shidō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	指導し	しどうし	shidō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	指導する	しどうする	shidō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	指導する	しどうする	shidō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	指導すれ	しどうすれ	shidō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	指導せよ¹ 指導しろ²	しどうせよ¹ しどうしろ²	shidō seyo¹ shidō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	指導される	しどうされる	shidō sareru
Causative	指導させる指導さす	しどうさせるしどうさす	shidō saseru shidō sasu
Potential	指導できる	しどうできる	shidō dekiru
Volitional	指導しよう	しどうしよう	shidō shiyō
Negative	指導しない	しどうしない	shidō shinai
Negative continuative	指導せず	しどうせず	shidō sezu
Formal	指導します	しどうします	shidō shimasu
Perfective	指導した	しどうした	shidō shita
Conjunctive	指導して	しどうして	shidō shite
Hypothetical conditional	指導すれば	しどうすれば	shidō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“指導”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
指	導

Noun

指導 • (jido) (hangeul 지도)

hanja form^? of 지도 (“guidance”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
指	導

Verb

指導

chữ Hán form of chỉ đạo (“to guide”)

[1] Friedman, Daniel Butler (2023) ‘Discarding That, Adopting This’ 去彼取此: The Northern Wei and Stories of Chinese Legal History (PhD)‎^[1], w:University of California, Berkeley, page 118

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]