擬

See also: 儗 and 拟

Translingual

Han character

擬 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 手心大人 (QPKO), four-corner 5708₁, composition ⿰扌疑)

Related characters

• 拟 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 460, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12870
• Dae Jaweon: page 809, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1975, character 4
• Unihan data for U+64EC

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Chinese

trad.		擬
simp.		拟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
礙	*ŋɯːs
儗	*ŋɯːs, *hŋɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
懝	*ŋɯːs, *ŋɯɡ
譺	*ŋrɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
癡	*ŋ̊ʰl'ɯ
疑	*ŋɯ
嶷	*ŋɯ, *ŋɯɡ
觺	*ŋɯ
擬	*ŋɯʔ
薿	*ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯɡ
凝	*ŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nǐ (ni³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ / ji⁴
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ngi³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
    • Wade–Giles: ni³
    • Yale: nǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
    • Palladius: ни (ni)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ / ji⁴
    • Yale: yíh / yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ / ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ / yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³/, /jiː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngi³
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
    • Tâi-lô: gí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngi²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋi⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: ngiX

Rime
Character	擬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚紀切
Baxter	ngiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨX/
Li Rong	/ŋiəX/
Wang Li	/ŋĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	擬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngiX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)əʔ/ (< uvular)
English	estimate, calculate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	擬
Reading #	1/1
No.	14897
Phonetic component	疑
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	擬
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 擬

1. to compare
2. to imitate; to copy; to emulate; to mimic
3. to plan; to propose
4. to draft; to devise; to draw up
5. to presuppose; to hypothesise; to assert

Synonyms

• (to compare):

(deprecated template usage)

• 例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 對比／对比 (duìbǐ)
• 對照／对照 (duìzhào)
• 比並／比并 (bī-piâng) (Eastern Min)
• 比對／比对 (bǐduì)
• 比擬／比拟 (bǐnǐ)
• 比照 (bǐzhào)
• 比較／比较
• 視／视 (shì) (archaic)
• 進行比較／进行比较 (jìnxíng bǐjiào)

 

• (to imitate):

(deprecated template usage)

• 仿效 (fǎngxiào)
• 仿照 (fǎngzhào)
• 效仿 (xiàofǎng)
• 模仿 (mófǎng)
• 模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
• 臨摹／临摹 (línmó) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
• 規矩／规矩 (guījǔ) (literary)

 

• (to plan):

(deprecated template usage)

• 作計／作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
• 打算 (dǎsuàn)
• 拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 拍達／拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 按算 (Hokkien)
• 派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 準備／准备 (zhǔnbèi)
• 營為／营为 (Hokkien)
• 盤算／盘算
• 策劃／策划 (cèhuà)
• 策動／策动 (cèdòng)
• 算 (suàn)
• 算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
• 算計／算计 (suànjì)
• 籌劃／筹划 (chóuhuà)
• 考慮／考虑 (kǎolǜ)
• 規／规 (literary, or in compounds)
• 規劃／规划 (guīhuà)
• 計劃／计划 (jìhuà)
• 計算／计算 (jìsuàn)
• 設／设 (shè)
• 設施／设施 (shèshī) (literary)
• 試圖／试图 (shìtú)
• 謀劃／谋划 (móuhuà)

 

• (to draft): (literary) 草創／草创 (cǎochuàng), 起草 (qǐcǎo)
• (to presuppose): 假定 (jiǎdìng), 假設／假设 (jiǎshè)

References

• “擬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

擬

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go)
• Kan-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
• Kun: まがい (magai, 擬); もどき (modoki, 擬き); なぞらえる (nazoraeru, 擬える); はかる (hakaru, 擬る)

Compounds

• 擬(ぎ)薬(やく) (giyaku, “placebo”)

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Korean

Hanja

擬 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 擬 (nghĩ, nghỉ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.