敬

See also: 茍

敬	U+2F8C9, 敬 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9

← 敏
[U+2F8C8]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

𣀊 →
[U+2F8CA]

Translingual

Han character

敬 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 4864₀, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived characters

警, 驚, 擎, 憼, 擏, 儆, 㯳, 璥, 曔, 檠, 蟼, 㢣, 䜘, 𠧂, 𢢩, 𤀂, 𫱻, 𢐧, 𩼃, 𫄿

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1466, character 2
Unihan data for U+656C

Unihan data for U+2F8C9

Chinese

trad.		敬
simp. ^#		敬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟼	kraː, kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼	kaŋʔ, kreŋʔ
驚	*kreŋ
警	*kreŋʔ
儆	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋs
璥	*keŋʔ
檠	kreŋʔ, ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬	*kreŋs
擎	*ɡreŋ
曔	*ɡreŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 茍 + 攵, logic unclear.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin
Northern Min (KCR): ge̿ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ging³
  - Yale: ging
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ge̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kjaengH

Rime
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Baxter	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敬
Reading #	1/1
No.	6885
Phonetic component	敬
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kreŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 敬

to respect; to honor
to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)

Synonyms

尊 (zūn)

Antonyms

鄙 (bǐ, “to scorn”)

Compounds

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Japanese

Kanji

敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: うやまう (uyamau, 敬う, Jōyō)
Nanori: け (ke); たか (taka); たかし (takashi); たけ (take); とし (toshi); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

敬(けい)愛(あい) (keiai): respect and affection
敬(けい)畏(い) (keī): reverence, holding in awe, fear
敬(けい)意(い) (keī): respect
敬(けい)遠(えん) (keien): keeping at a distance
敬(けい)具(ぐ) (keigu): a respectful closing statement
敬(けい)虔(けん) (keiken): pious
敬(けい)語(ご) (keigo): honorifics
敬(けい)神(しん) (keishin): piety
敬(けい)称(しょう) (keishō): title of honor
敬(けい)体(たい) (keitai): distal style

Template:der-mid

敬(けい)白(はく) (keihaku): Yours Sincerely
敬(けい)服(ふく) (keifuku): admiration
敬(けい)慕(ぼ) (keibo): love and respect
敬(けい)礼(れい) (keirei): salute, bow
敬(けい)老(ろう) (keirō): respect for elders
敬(けい)譲(じょう)語(ご) (keijōgo): polite speech
敬(けい)天(てん)愛(あい)人(じん) (keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people."
失(しっ)敬(けい) (shikkei): rude
尊(そん)敬(けい) (sonkei): respect

Archaic

敬(けい)啓(けい) (keikei): salutation at end of formal letter
敬(けい)呈(てい) (keitei): salutation in a formal letter

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
敬
けい Grade: 6
on'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 敬 (kjæng^H, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

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Affix

敬(けい) • (kei)

respect, honor, reverence

Usage notes

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.^[1]^[2] See 敬する.

Derived terms

敬(けい)する (kei suru): to respect, to esteem

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい Grade: 6
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

敬(うやま)い (uyamai)

Noun

敬(うやまい) • (uyamai)

respect, esteem

Usage notes

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

敬(たかし) or 敬(proper) • (takashi or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|たかし]]

a male given name

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

敬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

Vietnamese

Han character

敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
敬: Nôm readings: kính^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5], kỉnh^[2], kinh^[6]

chữ Hán form of kính (“to respect”).

Compounds

恭敬 (cung kính)
敬重 (kính trọng)

References

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] Trần (2004).

[bonet-6] 4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-7] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-8] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

敬

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Affix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

Usage notes

Etymology 3

Proper noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

References

Navigation menu

敬

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Affix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

Usage notes

Etymology 3

Proper noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

References

Navigation menu

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