柔

Translingual

Han character

柔 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 1790₄, composition ⿱矛木)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1192, character 2
• Unihan data for U+67D4

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Chinese

trad.		柔
simp. #		柔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
堥	*muː, *mu
蓩	*muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱	*ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	*mruː, *muːŋ
蝥	*mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	*moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	*mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	*mu, *muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	*mu, *moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	*ml'us, *mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	*mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	*mju, *mjuʔ
鞣	*mju, *mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	*mjuʔ, *mjus
輮	*mjuʔ, *mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	*moʔ, *mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	*moɡs, *moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	*moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	*moɡs, *moːŋ
霿	*moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlju) : phonetic 矛 (OC *mu) + semantic 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róu (rou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liû / jiû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: róu
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: róu
    • Wade–Giles: jou²
    • Yale: róu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
    • Palladius: жоу (žou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
    • Tâi-lô: liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiû
    • Tâi-lô: jiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiuu
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziu¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: riu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziu⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 柔
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐou³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʐou²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/zəu²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʐəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jɤu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/iu⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/iəu¹³/
	Xiangtan	/iəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/iu¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/jɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ieu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iu²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zĩu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ziu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: nyuw

Rime
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	耳由切
Baxter	nyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuw/
Li Rong	/ȵiu/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róu
Middle Chinese	‹ nyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*nu/
English	soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
No.	8825
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	柔
Old Chinese	/*mlju/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 柔

1. soft; supple
2. to soften
3. gentle; pliant
4. to make gentle
5. (～州) Short for 柔佛 (Róufó, “Johor”).

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Japanese

Kanji

柔

(Jōyō kanji)

1. tender, weakness, gentleness, softness

Readings

• Go-on: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)^{←にう (niu, historical)}
• Kan-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←じう (ziu, historical)}
• Kun: やわらか (yawaraka, 柔らか, Jōyō)^{←やはらか (yafaraka, 柔らか, historical)}、やわらかい (yawarakai, 柔らかい, Jōyō)^{←やはらかい (yafarakai, 柔らかい, historical)}、やわらげる (yawarageru, 柔らげる)^{←やはらげる (yafarageru, 柔らげる, historical)}、やわらぐ (yawaragu, 柔らぐ)^{←やはらぐ (yafaragu, 柔らぐ, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 柔術(じゅうじゅつ) (jūjutsu)
• 柔順(じゅうじゅん) (jūjun)
• 柔道(じゅうどう) (jūdō)
• 柔軟(じゅうなん) (jūnan)
• 柔和(にゅうわ) (nyūwa): gentleness, meekness, mildness

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
柔
やわ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Adjectival noun

柔(やわ) • (yawa) ^{←やは (yafa)?}-na (adnominal 柔(やわ)な (yawa na), adverbial 柔(やわ)に (yawa ni))

1. weak

Etymology 2

Noun

柔(やわら) • (yawara) ^{←やはら (yafara)?}

1. A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand, usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.

See also

• 柔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
柔
じゅう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

柔(じゅう) • (jū) ^{←じう (ziu)?}

1. softness

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Korean

Hanja

柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 柔 (nhu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.