歸
Translingual
Traditional | 歸 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 帰 |
Simplified | 归 |
Han character
歸 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹一尸一月 (HMSMB), four-corner 27127, composition ⿰⿱𠂤止帚)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16349
- Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1446, character 15
- Unihan data for U+6B78
Chinese
trad. | 歸 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 归 | |
alternative forms | 㱕 帰 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 歸 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogram (指事) : 𠂤 (“ancient form of 師 (“troops”)”) + 帚 (“broom; sweep”) – to eradicate the enemy and return.
Some analyse the 帚 component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of 止 (“to stop, to cease”) and 方 (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”.
A 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions.
Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character.
Etymology 1
Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, “circle; turn; to turn round; to return”) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1jy; 1kue
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guei
- Wade–Giles: kuei1
- Yale: gwēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
- Palladius: гуй (guj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуй (guy, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwai1
- Yale: gwāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai1
- Guangdong Romanization: guei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
- Hakka Romanization System: gui´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gui1
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- 1jy - colloquial (歸去);
- 1kue - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 歸 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kuei⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kuei⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kuei²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kuei²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kue²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kuei²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kuei²¹/ | |
Xining | /kuɨ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kuei⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kuei³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kuei⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kuei⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kuei⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /kuei⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /kuei⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /kuəi³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kue²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kuei¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kuei¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kuei³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kue⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kue̞⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kui³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kai³³/ /t͡ɕy³³/ 當歸 | |
Hui | Shexian | /kue³¹/ |
Tunxi | /kue¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kuei³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kuəi³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kui⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kui⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kui²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɐi⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kʷɐi⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kwɐi⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kui⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kuoi⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ky⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kui³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kui²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kjw+j
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷəj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*klul/
Definitions
- to return (to a place); to come back to
- to return to (a person, a status); to revert to
- to submit to; to seek patronage
- to tend towards; to converge
- to belong to
Compounds
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 歸 – see 愧 (“ashamed; conscience-stricken”). (This character is an obsolete form of 愧). |
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 歸 – see 饋 (“to present gift”). (This character is an obsolete form of 饋). |
Japanese
帰 | |
歸 |
Kanji
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 帰)
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Readings
- Go-on: き (ki)
- Kan-on: き (ki)
- Kun: かえる (kaeru, 歸る); かえす (kaesu, 歸す); とつぐ (totsugu, 歸ぐ); おくる (okuru, 歸る)
Korean
Hanja
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Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 歸 (qui, quy)
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