洞

Translingual

Han character

洞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水月一口 (EBMR), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵同)

Derived characters

• 霘, 𪔦, 𢞉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17386
• Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1607, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6D1E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		洞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鮦	*duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫	*tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌	*tʰoːŋ
同	*doːŋ
仝	*zlon, *doːŋ
銅	*doːŋ
桐	*doːŋ
峒	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔	*doːŋ
挏	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃	*doːŋ
絧	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛	*doːŋʔ
詷	*doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴	*doːŋs
駧	*doːŋs
迵	*doːŋs
戙	*doːŋs

Etymology

“hole; cavity” > “penetrating; thorough; zero”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dwa(ː)ŋ (“hole; orifice; cave; pit; well”). Cognate with Burmese တွင်း (twang:), Tibetan དོང (dong) and Jingpho kha-thung (“well, pit”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thung
• Eastern Min (BUC): dâe̤ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tōng / tāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang⁷ / tong⁷

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶don

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
    • Wade–Giles: tung⁴
    • Yale: dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
    • Palladius: дун (dun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dung⁶
    • Yale: duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔyŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng
    • Tâi-lô: tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāng
    • Tâi-lô: tāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang⁷ / tong⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāng / thōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ¹¹/, /tʰoŋ¹¹/

Note:

• dang7 - vernacular;
• tong7 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶don
    • MiniDict: don^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³don
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 洞
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tuŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tuŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/tuŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/təŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tuŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tuə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/tuŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tũn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tuŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/toŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/toŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/toŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/toŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/toŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/təŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/tuŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/tũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/doŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/doŋ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/doŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/doŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/tan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/toŋ⁵⁵/ /toŋ¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/dən²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰuŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰuŋ⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/toŋ²²/
	Nanning	/tuŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/tuŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tɔyŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tɔŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/taŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdoŋ³³/ /ʔdoŋ²³/ ～房

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• Middle Chinese: duwngH

Rime
Character	洞
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒弄切
Baxter	duwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋH/
Li Rong	/duŋH/
Wang Li	/duŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洞
Reading #	2/2
No.	12469
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	洞
Old Chinese	/*doːŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 洞

1. hole; cavity; cave
2. thorough; penetrating
3. the numeral zero (when reading numbers in certain situations)
4. dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
	Jinan	窟窿
	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Nanjing	窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
	Singapore	洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Taishan	孔
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	空
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	川
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	空空
Southern Min	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Haifeng	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
	Singapore (Hainanese)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tóng (tong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung²
    • Yale: túng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
    • Palladius: тун (tun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tung⁴
    • Yale: tùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: duwng

Rime
Character	洞
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒紅切
Baxter	duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋ/
Li Rong	/duŋ/
Wang Li	/duŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洞
Reading #	1/2
No.	12453
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	同
Old Chinese	/*doːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 洞

1. Only used in 澒洞／𭱊洞 (hòngtóng) and 洪洞 (Hóngtóng).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

洞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Cave, den, grotto

Readings

• Go-on: ずう (zū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō)
• Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふかい (fukai); ほがらか (hogaraka); ほら (hora, 洞, Jōyō); みぬく (minuku)

Compounds

Compounds

• 洞窟(どうくつ) (dōkutsu)
• 洞察(どうさつ) (dōsatsu)
• 洞簫(どうしょう) (dōshō): xiao (Chinese flute)

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Korean

Hanja

洞 • (dong, tong) (hangeul 동, 통)

1. Neighborhood, an administrative division in South Korea.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 洞 (đọng, động, đùng, dộng, dọng, đỗng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.