添

Translingual

Han character

添 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水竹大心 (EHKP) or 水一大心 (EMKP), four-corner 3213₃, composition ⿰氵忝)

Derived characters

• 𠻹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17698
• Dae Jaweon: page 1039, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1639, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6DFB

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		添
alternative forms		沗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
添	*tʰiːm
忝	*l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿	*tʰiːmʔ
舔	*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾	*diːm
天	*qʰl'iːn
吞	*qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆	*qʰliːn
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) – to increase by pouring more water in.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *k.temᴬ (“full”), whence Thai เต็ม (dtem, “full”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tiān (tian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тян (ti͡an, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tim¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiam¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiâm
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ / thiam
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹thi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tian
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien¹
    • Yale: tyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тян (ti͡an, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tim¹
    • Yale: tīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiam³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: tiam´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tiam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯am²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ / thiam
    • Tâi-lô: thinn / thiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvy, tiafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³/, /tʰiam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/, /tʰiam⁴⁴/

Note:

• thiⁿ - vernacular;
• thiam - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹thi
    • MiniDict: thi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹thi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: them

Rime
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	他兼切
Baxter	them
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰem/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰem/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛm/
Li Rong	/tʰem/
Wang Li	/tʰiem/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰiːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān
Middle Chinese	‹ them ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁ[i]m/
English	add
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	添
Reading #	1/1
No.	12381
Phonetic component	天
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	添
Old Chinese	/*tʰiːm/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 添

1. to add; to increase
2. to give birth to (a baby)
3. (Cantonese) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 𠻹 (tim1, “again; more”).
4. (Cantonese) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 𠻹 (tim1, “modal particle”).
5. (Taishanese) need to (do something); have to

   我橫掂都添去。 [Taishanese, trad.]
   我横掂都添去。 [Taishanese, simp.]

   I have to go anyway.

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: thêm

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

添

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Definitions

1. to attach

Readings

• On (unclassified): てん (ten, Jōyō)
• Kun: そえる (soeru, 添える, Jōyō)^{←そへる (soferu, 添へる, historical)}; そう (sou, 添う, Jōyō)^{←そふ (sofu, 添ふ, historical)}

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Korean

Hanja

添 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 添 (thêm, thiêm, thếch)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation