炎

See also: 焱

Translingual

Han character

炎 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 火火 (FF), four-corner 9080₉, composition ⿱火火)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 667, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18910
• Dae Jaweon: page 1076, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2193, character 6
• Unihan data for U+708E

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Chinese

trad.		炎
simp. #		炎
alternative forms		炏

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
倓	*l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂	*l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧	*l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧	*l̥ʰaːms
睒	*l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕	*l̥ʰaːms
談	*l'aːm
郯	*l'aːm
惔	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟	*l'aːm
淡	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰	*l'aːm
餤	*l'aːm
啖	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅	*l'aːms
剡	*ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢	*hljamʔ
掞	*hljams
炎	*ɦlam
琰	*lamʔ
棪	*lamʔ
扊	*lamʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 火 (“fire”). Duplication of 火 (“fire”).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 炎

1. ^† flame; blaze; rising flame
2. ^† to burn; to blaze
3. blazing; burning hot; scorching
4. red; bright red
5. (figurative) power and influence
6. (medicine) inflammation
7. (mythology) Yan Emperor (ancient legendary Chinese ruler)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (炎):

• → Japanese: 炎(えん) (en)
• → Korean: 염(炎) (yeom)
• → Vietnamese: viêm (炎)

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Japanese

Kanji

炎

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)}
• Kun: ほのお (honō, 炎, Jōyō)^{←ほのほ (fonofo, 炎, historical)}; ほむら (homura, 炎); もえる (moeru, 炎える)

Compounds

• 陽炎(かぎろい) (kagiroi), 陽炎(かげろう) (kagerō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
炎
ほのお Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
焔

⟨po no₂ po⟩ → */ponəpo/ → /ɸonoɸo/ → /ɸonowo/ → /honowo/ → /honoː/

From Old Japanese 炎 (pono₂po).

Compound of 火 (ho, combining form of hi, “fire”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 穂 (ho, “ear, head”).

Noun

炎(ほのお) • (honō) ^{←ほのほ (fonofo)?}

1. a flame
   • 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 5 (front):

     燄 保乃保

   • 2001 December 22, “[真紅眼の黒竜](レッドアイズ・ブラックドラゴン) [Red-Eyes Black Dragon]”, in Premium Pack 5, Konami:

     真(しん)紅(く)の眼(め)を持(も)つ黒(こく)竜(りゅう)。怒(いか)りの黒(くろ)き炎(ほのお)はその眼(め)に映(うつ)る者(もの)全(すべ)てを焼(や)き尽(つ)くす。

     Shinku no me o motsu kokuryū. Ikari no kuroki honō wa sono me ni utsuru mono subete o yakitsukusu.

     A black dragon with crimson eyes. Its black flames of fury burn away anything that’s reflected in those eyes.

   ハリー・ポッターと炎(ほのお)のゴブレット

   Harī Pottā to Honō no Goburetto

   Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

   燃(も)え広(ひろ)がる炎(ほのお)

   Moehirogaru Honō

   Catching Fire

2. (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion

Derived terms

• 炎(ほのお)細胞(さいぼう) (honō saibō)
• 炎(ほのお)スペクトル (honō supekutoru)
• 踊(おど)り炎(ほのお) (odori honō)
• 瞋(しん)恚(い)の炎(ほのお) (shin'i no honō)
• 胸(むね)の炎(ほのお) (mune no honō)

 

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
炎
ほむら Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
焔

Compound of 火 (ho, “fire”, combining form) +‎ 群 (mura, “gathering, group”).

Noun

炎(ほむら) • (homura) 

1. a flame
2. (figuratively) an intense emotion, passion

Derived terms

• 瞋(しん)恚(い)の炎(ほむら) (shin'i no homura)
• 胸(むね)の炎(ほむら) (mune no homura)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
炎
えん Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
焔

/em/ → /emʉ/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem).

Suffix

炎(えん) • (-en) 

1. (medicine) -itis, inflammation of...

Derived terms

• 胃(い)炎(えん) (ien)
• 肝炎(かんえん) (kan'en)
• 強膜(きょうまく)炎(えん) (kyōmakuen, “scleritis”)
• 筋炎(きんえん) (kin'en, “myositis”)
• 結膜炎(けつまくえん) (ketsumakuen)
• 虹彩炎(こうさいえん) (kōsaien)
• 口内炎(こうないえん) (kōnaien)
• 細(さい)気(き)管(かん)支(し)炎(えん) (saikikanshien, “bronchiolitis”)
• 腎盂炎(じんうえん) (jin'uen, “pyelitis”)
• 神経炎(しんけいえん) (shinkeien, “neuritis”)
• 膵臓炎(すいぞうえん) (suizōen, “pancreatitis”)
• 脊髄炎(せきずいえん) (sekizuien, “myelitis”)
• 舌炎(ぜつえん) (zetsuen)
• 大腸炎(だいちょうえん) (daichōen)
• 胆嚢炎(たんのうえん) (tannōen)
• 膣炎(ちつえん) (chitsuen, “vaginitis”)
• 虫垂(ちゅうすい)炎(えん) (chūsuien)
• 尿道(にょうどう)炎(えん) (nyōdōen)
• 肺炎(はいえん) (haien)
• 葡萄(ぶどう)膜炎(まくえん) (budōmakuen)
• 膀胱炎(ぼうこうえん) (bōkōen)
• 盲腸炎(もうちょうえん) (mōchōen)
• 網膜炎(もうまくえん) (mōmakuen, “retinitis”)

 

Affix

炎(えん) • (en) 

1. flame, blaze
2. burning
3. firehot, red-hot
4. passion

Derived terms

• 炎炎(えんえん), 炎々(えんえん) (en'en)
• 煙炎(えんえん) (en'en)
• 炎干(えんかん) (enkan)
• 炎暑(えんしょ) (ensho)
• 炎症(えんしょう) (enshō)
• 炎上(えんじょう) (enjō)
• 炎色(えんしょく) (enshoku)
• 炎帝(えんてい) (entei)
• 炎天(えんてん) (enten)
• 炎熱(えんねつ) (ennetsu)
• 炎涼(えんりょう) (enryō)
• 火(か)炎(えん) (kaen)
• 外炎(がいえん) (gaien)
• 気(き)炎(えん) (kien)
• 光炎(こうえん) (kōen)
• 情炎(じょうえん) (jōen)
• 酸化炎(さんかえん) (sankaen)
• 内炎(ないえん) (naien)
• 爆炎(ばくえん) (bakuen)
• 防炎(ぼうえん) (bōen)
• 余(よ)炎(えん) (yoen)

 

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Korean

Hanja

炎 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Old Japanese

Etymology

Compound of 火 (po, combining form of pi₂, “fire”) +‎ の (no₂, possessive particle) +‎ 穗 (po, “ear, head”).

Noun

炎 (pono₂po) (kana ほのほ)

1. a flame
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3344:
     , text here

     ...螢成髣髴聞而大土乎火穗跡而...

     ...potaru nasu pono₂ka ni ki₁ki₁te opotuti wo pono₂po to₂ pumi₁te...

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

• Japanese: 炎 (honō)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 炎 (viêm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.