焼く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
焼
や Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
燒く (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.

Pronunciation

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "焼く"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	焼く	やく	[yàkú]
Imperative (命令形)	焼け	やけ	[yàké]
Key constructions
Passive	焼かれる	やかれる	[yàkárérú]
Causative	焼かせる	やかせる	[yàkásérú]
Potential	焼ける	やける	[yàkérú]
Volitional	焼こう	やこ​ー	[yàkóꜜò]
Negative	焼かない	やかない	[yàkánáí]
Negative perfective	焼かなかった	やかな​かった	[yàkánáꜜkàttà]
Formal	焼きます	やきま​す	[yàkímáꜜsù]
Perfective	焼いた	やいた	[yàítá]
Conjunctive	焼いて	やいて	[yàíté]
Hypothetical conditional	焼けば	やけ​ば	[yàkéꜜbà]

Verb

Japanese verb pair
active	焼く
mediopassive	焼ける

1. to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:
   1. to burn
   2. to burn (to write data to a permanent storage medium)
   3. to use heat or flame to prepare something for eating or using:
      1. (cooking) to grill
      2. (cooking) to broil
      3. (cooking) to fry
      4. (cooking) to toast
      5. (cooking) to roast
      6. (cooking) to bake
      7. (pottery) to fire
   4. to expose to sunlight and cause to change color: to tan one's skin
   5. (photography) to print a photograph by shining a light through a negative

Conjugation

Conjugation of "焼く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	焼か	やか	yaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	焼き	やき	yaki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	焼く	やく	yaku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	焼く	やく	yaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	焼け	やけ	yake
Meireikei ("imperative")	焼け	やけ	yake
Key constructions
Passive	焼かれる	やかれる	yakareru
Causative	焼かせる 焼かす	やかせる やかす	yakaseru yakasu
Potential	焼ける	やける	yakeru
Volitional	焼こう	やこう	yakō
Negative	焼かない	やかない	yakanai
Negative continuative	焼かず	やかず	yakazu
Formal	焼きます	やきます	yakimasu
Perfective	焼いた	やいた	yaita
Conjunctive	焼いて	やいて	yaite
Hypothetical conditional	焼けば	やけば	yakeba

Classical conjugation of "焼く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	焼か	やか	yaka
Continuative (連用形)	焼き	やき	yaki
Terminal (終止形)	焼く	やく	yaku
Attributive (連体形)	焼く	やく	yaku
Realis (已然形)	焼け	やけ	yake
Imperative (命令形)	焼け	やけ	yake
Key constructions
Negative	焼かず	やかず	yakazu
Contrasting conjunction	焼けど	やけど	yakedo
Causal conjunction	焼けば	やけば	yakeba
Conditional conjunction	焼かば	やかば	yakaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	焼きき	やきき	yakiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	焼きけり	やきけり	yakikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	焼きつ	やきつ	yakitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	焼きぬ	やきぬ	yakinu
Perfect-continuative tense	焼けり 焼きたり	やけり やきたり	yakeri yakitari
Volitional	焼かむ	やかむ	yakamu

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 焼(や)き芋(いも) (yakiimo): a baked sweet potato
• 焼(や)き印(いん) (yakiin): a branding iron; a brand (the mark made by the branding iron)
• 焼(や)き塩(しお) (yakishio): table salt
• 焼(や)き海苔(のり) (yakinori): grilled nori, grilled laver
• 焼(や)き絵(え) (yakie): a pyrograph, pokerwork, woodburning
• 焼(や)き魚(ざかな) (yakizakana): a grilled or broiled fish
• 焼(や)き蕎麦(そば) (yakisoba): yakisoba, stir-fried noodles
• 焼(や)き玉(だま)機(き)関(かん) (yakidamakikan): a semidiesel engine
• 焼(や)き金(がね) (yakigane): a branding iron
• 焼(や)き串(ぐし) (yakigushi): a spit, a skewer
• 焼(や)き栗(ぐり) (yakiguri): a roasted chestnut
• 焼(や)き殺(ころ)す (yakikorosu): to burn to death, to kill by burning
• 焼(や)き捨(す)てる (yakisuteru): to dispose of by burning, to incinerate
• 焼(や)き上(あ)がる (yakiagaru): to be finished baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc.
• 焼(や)き上(あ)げる (yakiageru): to finish baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc. something
• 焼(や)き場(ば) (yakiba): a crematorium
• 焼(や)き石(いし) (yakiishi): a heated stone
• 焼(や)き切(き)る (yakikiru): to burn something off, to separate something by burning; to fully broil, roast, etc. something
• 焼(や)き金(きん) (yakikin): smelted gold, purified gold
• 焼(や)き物(もの) (yakimono): pottery, ceramics, stoneware, china

Verb

1. (obsolete) to change on its own by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means: to burn, to tan, to be cooked

Usage notes

The intransitive use of yaku is now obsolete, and has been superseded by the modern form 焼ける (yakeru).