班

Translingual

Han character

班 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈中土 (MGILG), four-corner 1111₄)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 731, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20976
• Dae Jaweon: page 1142, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1113, character 3
• Unihan data for U+73ED

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Chinese

trad.		班
simp. #		班

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 班
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (班) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
班	*praːn
斑	*praːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 玨 (“two jade”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut jade to pieces with knife.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ral (“to leave, depart, separate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲལ་བ་ (bral ba, “to be separated”), [script needed] ('phral.ba, “to cause to be separated, to separate”), Miju phɑ̆l⁵³ (“to pull (weeds)”), phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵ (“to collapse”), Thulung phal si- (“to collapse”), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “various”), Jingpho pə³¹-ran³¹.

Karlgren (1933) grouped *班 (OC *praːn), 半 (OC *paːns), and *釆 (OC *brens) into one word family.

Schuessler (2007) also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as Khmer [script needed] (rāla, “to spread, extend, distribute”) and Khmer [script needed] (brāla, “to spread”) with causative prefix *p-.

Possibly the same etymon as *斑 (OC *praːn, “variegated”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bān (ban¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pân
• Eastern Min (BUC): băng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bān
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ban
    • Wade–Giles: pan¹
    • Yale: bān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ban
    • Palladius: бань (banʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: baan¹
    • Yale: bāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ban¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pân
    • Hakka Romanization System: ban´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ban¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pan²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: băng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pan
    • Tâi-lô: pan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pan⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹pe
    • MiniDict: pe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: paen

Rime
Character	班
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	布還切
Baxter	paen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/pɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨn/
Li Rong	/pan/
Wang Li	/pan/
Bernard Karlgren	/pan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤ<r>an/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	班
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bān
Middle Chinese	‹ pæn ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁ<r>an/
English	divide, distribute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	班
Reading #	1/1
No.	224
Phonetic component	班
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	班
Old Chinese	/*praːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 班

1. (school) class; group; grade
2. (military) squad
3. shift; work shift
4. Classifier for a group of people.

   • 跟班friend hea到天光 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Beyond, 遊戲

     gan¹ baan¹ friend hea dou³ tin¹ gwong¹ [Jyutping]

     hanging with friends until dawn

5. Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.

Usage notes

• (military): Under the National Revolutionary Army, a platoon (排) was composed of three squads. With the infantry, the infantry squad would be composed of 14 soldiers, of 10 riflemen, and one light machine gun unit.

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

班

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. group, party, section

Readings

• Go-on: へん (hen)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
• Kun: わける (wakeru, 班ける)

Suffix

班(はん) • (-han) 

1. group, party
2. (military) section

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Korean

Hanja

班 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)

1. group

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 班 (ban, băn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.