腰

Translingual

Han character

腰 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月一田女 (BMWV), four-corner 7124₄, composition ⿰月要(GJK) or ⿰⺼要(HTV))

Derived characters

• 𣿺, 𪱘

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 989, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29705
• Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2094, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8170

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Chinese

trad.		腰
simp. #		腰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (要) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
腰	*qew
要	*qew, *qews
葽	*qew, *qews, *qeːw, *qeːwʔ
喓	*qew
闄	*qewʔ
偠	*qeːwʔ
騕	*qeːwʔ
婹	*qeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qew) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 要 (OC *qew, *qews).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yāo (yao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu
• Eastern Min (BUC): iĕu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): io / iau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iê¹ / io¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹iau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yao
    • Wade–Giles: yao¹
    • Yale: yāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jiu¹
    • Yale: yīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ieu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io / iau
    • Tâi-lô: io / iau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioy, iaw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /io⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /io³³/, /iau³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /io⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /io⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/

Note:

• io - vernacular;
• iau - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: iê¹ / io¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ie / io
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ie³³/, /io³³/

Note:

• iê1 - Chaozhou;
• io1 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹iau
    • MiniDict: iau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹iau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɔ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jiew

Rime
Character	腰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於霄切
Baxter	'jiew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiaw/
Li Rong	/ʔiɛu/
Wang Li	/ĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔew/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qew/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yāo
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiew ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔew/
English	waist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腰
Reading #	1/1
No.	14747
Phonetic component	要
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	要
Old Chinese	/*qew/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 腰

1. (anatomy) waist (Classifier: 條／条 c)
2. waist of clothes
3. kidney; edible animal kidney
4. purse; pockets
5. middle part

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 腎 (“kidney”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		腎, 腎水, 水藏
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		腎, 腎臟
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	腰子, 腎
	Taiwan	腎, 腰子
	Harbin	腎
	Singapore	腎
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	腰子, 腎
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	腰子, 腎
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	腎
	Xi'an	腎
	Xining	腎
	Xuzhou	腰子, 腎
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	腰子
	Lanzhou	腰子
	Ürümqi	腰子, 腎
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	腎臟, 腎
	Wuhan	腰子
	Guiyang	腰子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	腰子
	Yangzhou	腰子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	腎
	Hong Kong	腎
	Dongguan	腎
Gan	Lichuan	腰子
	Pingxiang	腰子
Hakka	Meixian	腎
	Yudu	腰子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	腰仔, 腎家
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	腰仔, 腎家
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	腰仔, 腎家
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	腰, 腎家
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	腰仔, 腎家
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	腰子
Huizhou	Jixi	腰子
Jin	Taiyuan	腰子, 腎
	Xinzhou	腰子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	腰仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	腰子, 腰心子, 腎
Southern Min	Xiamen	腰子
	Quanzhou	腰子
	Zhangzhou	腰子
	Taipei	腰子
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	腰子
	Kaohsiung	腰子
	Yilan	腰子
	Changhua (Lukang)	腰子
	Taichung	腰子
	Tainan	腰子
	Hsinchu	腰子
	Kinmen	腰子
	Penghu (Magong)	腰子
	Penang (Hokkien)	腰子
	Singapore (Hokkien)	腰子
	Manila (Hokkien)	腰子
	Jieyang	腎
	Bangkok (Teochew)	腎
	Haikou	腎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	腎
Wu	Shanghai	腰子, 腎臟
	Shanghai (Chongming)	腰子
	Suzhou	腰子
	Danyang	腰子
	Hangzhou	腰子
	Ningbo	腎, 腰子
	Jinhua	腰子
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	腰
Xiang	Loudi	腰子

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

腰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. hips, loins, lower back

Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
• Kun: こし (koshi, 腰, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
腰
こし Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 腰 – see the following entry.

【こしコシ】 [noun] the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back [noun] (anatomy) the lumbar region [noun] the skirting of a shoji [noun] the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips) [noun] (of food) chewiness; springiness

(This term, 腰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

腰 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 腰 (yêu, ro, eo, oeo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.