薬
Translingual
Traditional | 藥 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 薬 |
Simplified | 药 |
Han character
薬 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈人木 (TIOD), composition ⿱艹楽)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1062, character 44
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32188
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3303, character 5
- Unihan data for U+85AC
Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 薬 – see 藥 (“medicine; drug; pharmaceutical; substance used for a particular purpose; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 藥). |
Japanese
薬 | |
藥 |
Kanji
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 藥)
Readings
- Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
- Kun: くす (kusu, 薬)、くすり (kusuri, 薬, Jōyō)
- Nanori: み (mi)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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薬 |
くす Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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藥 (kyūjitai) |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Cognate with the kusu root of adjective 奇し (kusushi, “mystical”)[1], from the way that drugs and medicines would have mystical effects.
Pronunciation
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Noun
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Usage notes
Only used in compounds.
Derived terms
- 薬す (kususu): to treat someone or something using medicines or drugs (archaic)
- 薬らう (kusurau): to treat someone or something using medicines or drugs (may imply over a longer period of time; archaic)
- 薬 (kusuri): a medicine or drug (see below)
- 薬子 (kusuko): an unmarried young woman serving at the imperial court who tastes the ceremonial spiced sake at New Years
- 薬師 (kusushi): a doctor (archaic)
- 薬師指 (kusushiyubi): archaic alternate for 薬指 (kusuriyubi): the ring finger
- 薬玉 (kusudama): an ornamental scented ball made of flowers or other aromatics, displayed in early May
- 薬殿 (kusudono): during the Heian period, the consultation office of the court physician
- 薬練, 薬煉, 天鼠矢 (kusune): pine sap boiled in oil to make a strong resin used to reinforce bowstrings and other things
- 薬練糸, 薬煉糸 (kusuneito): a string with kusune applied to it
- 樟 (kusunoki), 楠 (kusunoki): the camphor tree
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
薬 |
くすり Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
藥 (kyūjitai) |
From Proto-Japonic *kusori. Derivation from kusu above. Appears to be the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or noun form”) of hypothetical verb kusuru “to have a mystical effect”.
Pronunciation
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Noun
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- A substance with mystical properties, especially one that has an effect on the body, health, or lifespan.
- A medicine or drug, a pharmaceutical.
- A chemical, generally toxic and used for its effect on living organisms, such as insecticide or herbicide.
- A substance that has a beneficial effect in improving or maintaining one's health.
- (figurative) Something that has a beneficial effect in correcting one's mistakes.
- Short for 釉薬 (uwagusuri): A glaze or enamel applied to ceramics.
- Gunpowder (from the “mystical substance” sense, and the second character in the word 火薬 (kayaku, “gunpowder”)).
- (figurative) A small bribe.
Usage notes
The medicine sense is probably the most common in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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薬 |
やく Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
藥 (kyūjitai) |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 藥/药 (yak, “drug, medicine”). Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Cantonese 藥/药 (joek6).
Pronunciation
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Noun
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- (slang) A medicine or drug, especially a narcotic or other recreational drug.
Usage notes
The slang meaning is generally limited to when the term yaku is used as a standalone noun. In compounds, yaku refers more generally to pharmaceuticals, or sometimes chemicals.
Derived terms
- 薬液 (yakueki): a liquid medicine
- 薬園 (yakuen): a field or garden for cultivating medicinal plants, especially during the Edo period
- 薬害 (yakugai): harm caused by a medicine or drug
- 薬学 (yakugaku): pharmacology, the study of pharmacy
- 薬学者 (yakugakusha): a pharmacologist
- 薬局 (yakkyoku): a pharmacy, a pharmacist's office
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading やく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くす
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
- Japanese terms spelled with 薬 read as くす
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- Japanese terms spelled with 薬 read as くすり
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