論
Translingual
Han character
論 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人一月 (YROMB), four-corner 08627, composition ⿰言侖)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1168, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35658
- Dae Jaweon: page 1633, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3988, character 3
- Unihan data for U+8AD6
Chinese
trad. | 論 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 论 |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ruːn, *ruːns, *run) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
Etymology
Compare Mizo râwn (“to ask advice, to consult, to ask”) [high-tone], Mizo râwn (“to suggest, to advise, to recommend”) [low-tone].
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): leon6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): lō̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): lâung
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6len
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lùn
- Wade–Giles: lun4
- Yale: lwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luenn
- Palladius: лунь (lunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: leon6
- Yale: leuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: loen6
- Guangdong Romanization: lên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lun
- Hakka Romanization System: lun
- Hagfa Pinyim: lun4
- Sinological IPA: /lun⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lâung
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 論 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /luən⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /luən⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /luən⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /luẽ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /luə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /luən²¹³/ | |
Xi'an | /lyẽ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /lyə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /luŋ⁵³/ ~語 /luŋ¹³/ 言~ | |
Lanzhou | /lũn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /lun²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /nən³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /nən¹³/ /nuən¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /len²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /luə̃²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /lun⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /lən⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /luəŋ¹¹/ /lyəŋ¹¹/ /luəŋ⁴⁵/ /lyəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /luŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /lũŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ləŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /lən³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /len²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /lø³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /lʌ̃²²/ |
Tunxi | /luːə¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lən¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /nən¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /lun⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /løn²²/ |
Nanning | /lɐn²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /løn²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lun³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɔuŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /lɔŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /luŋ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /lun³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: lwonH, lwon
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤu[n]-s/, /*[r]ˤu[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ruːns/, /*ruːn/
Definitions
- to discuss; to reason; to debate; to argue
- to assess; to evaluate; to judge; to weigh
- to state; to talk about; to recount
- to treat; to regard; to handle
- to take into consideration; to consider
- according to; on the basis of
- discussion; dialogue; discourse
- essay; discourse
- theory; thesis; system
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): leon4 / leon6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lùn
- Eastern Min (BUC): lùng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lûn / lūn
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6len
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lún
- Wade–Giles: lun2
- Yale: lwún
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luen
- Palladius: лунь (lunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: leon4 / leon6
- Yale: lèuhn / leuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: loen4 / loen6
- Guangdong Romanization: lên4 / lên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵn²¹/, /lɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùn
- Hakka Romanization System: lunˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lun2
- Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lùng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃uŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: lwin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]u[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*run/
Definitions
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
- 汎心論 (hanshinron): panpsychism
- 論文 (ronbun): thesis, (academic) paper
- 博士論文 (hakase ronbun): Ph.D. thesis
- 論争 (ronsō): argument, dispute, controversy
Noun
Korean
Hanja
論 • (ron>non, ryun>yun) (hangeul 론>논, 륜>윤, revised ron>non, yun, McCune–Reischauer ron>non, ryun>yun, Yale lon>non, lyun>yun)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
論: Hán Việt readings: luận[1][2][3]
論: Nôm readings: lọn[1][2][3][4][5], lộn[1][2][3][4][5], lụn[1][2][3][4][5], luồn[1][2][3][5], trọn[1][2][3][5], luận[1][2][5], trộn[1][3][5], chọn[1][3], tròn[2][5], lòn[4][5], dọn[1], rộn[1], soạn[1], giọn[3], lốn[3], gọn[4], lấn[4], lẩn[4]
Compounds
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Hồ (1976).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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