精神

Chinese

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being
trad. (精神)		精	神
simp. #(精神)		精	神

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngshén

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
• Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng-sìng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-sîn
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹jin-zen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshén → jīngshen (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ → ㄐㄧㄥ ˙ㄕㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingshe̊n
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên⁵
    • Yale: jīng-shen
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing.shern
    • Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/ → /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (精神兒／精神儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshénr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingshénr
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²-ʼrh
    • Yale: jīng-shénr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingsherl
    • Palladius: цзиншэньр (czinšɛnʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
    • Yale: jīng sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: jin^ˊ siin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng-sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)niŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹jin-zen
    • MiniDict: jin^平 zen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jjin-zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsjeng|tsjengH zyin

Rime
Character	精	精	神
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	清 (121)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	子盈切	子姓切	食鄰切
Baxter	tsjeng	tsjengH	zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋ/	/t͡siᴇŋH/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋ/	/t͡siɛŋH/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋ/	/t͡siæŋH/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋ/	/t͡siajŋH/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋ/	/t͡siɛŋH/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋ/	/t͡sĭɛŋH/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋ/	/t͡si̯ɛŋH/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	jìng	shén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing1	zing3	san4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ  Cə.li[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ|ʔsleŋs  hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	shén
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjeng ›	‹ zyin ›
Old Chinese	/*tseŋ/	/*Cə.li[n]/
English	fine rice; pure	spirit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	精	精	神
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	11327	11337	11245
Phonetic component	生	生	申
Rime group	耕	耕	眞
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	精	精	神
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleŋ/	/*ʔsleŋs/	/*hlin/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 精神

1. spirit; soul; mind; will; spiritual; soulful
2. energy, drive
3. lively, active, brisk
4. essence, gist

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (精神):

• → Japanese: 精神(せいしん) (seishin)
• → Korean: 정신(精神) (jeongsin)
• → Vietnamese: tinh thần (精神)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
精	神
せい Grade: 5	しん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
精神 (kyūjitai)

Noun

精(せい)神(しん) • (seishin) 

1. psyche:
   1. spirit, soul, mind, will
   2. spiritual, soulful, mindful, willful

Derived terms

Compounds

• 精神界 (せいしんかい, ​seishinkai): the spiritual world
• 精神療法: psychotherapy
• 精神の中: "In the spirit of..." etc.
• 精神安定剤 (せいしんあんていざい) - a tranquilizer
• 精神医学 (せいしんいがく, seishin igaku) - psychiatry
• 精神異常 (せいしんいじょうしゃ, seishin ijōsha) - mental derangement
• 精神衛生 (せいしんえいせい, seishin eisei) - mental health
• 精神鑑定 (せいしんかんてい, seishin kantei) - a psychiatric test
• 精神教育 (せいしんきょういく, seishin kyōiku) - moral education
• 精神主義 (せいしんしゅぎ, seishin shugi) - spiritualism, idealism
• 精神障害 (せいしんしょうがい, seishin shōgai) - mental disorder
• 精神状態 (せいしんじょうたい, seishin jōtai) - one's state of mind
• 精神神経科 (せいしんしんけいようか, seishin shinkeiyōka) - neuropsychiatry

• 精神遅滞 (せいしんちたい, seishin chitai) - mental retardation
• 精神的 (せいしんてき, ​seishinteki) - mental, emotional
• 精神的外傷 (せいしんてきがいしょう, seishinteki gaishō) - a trauma
• 精神年齢 (せいしんねんれい, seishin nenrei) - mental age
• 精神薄弱 (せいしんはくじゃく, seishin hakujaku) - mental deficiency
• 精神病 (せいしんびょう, ​seishinbyō) - a mental illness
• 精神病院 (せいしんびょういん, seishin byōin) - a mental hospital
• 精神病学 (せいしんびょうがく, seishin byōgaku) - psychiatry
• 精神病患者 (せいしんびょうかんじゃ, seishinbyō kanja) - a mental patient
• 精神分析 (せいしんぶんせき, seishin bunseki) - psychoanalysis
• 精神分裂症 (せいしんぶんれつしょう, seishin bunretsushō) - schizophrenia
• 精神力 (せいしんりょく, ​seishinryoku) - mental power

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Korean

Hanja in this term
精	神

Noun

精神 • (jeongsin) (hangeul 정신)

1. hanja form^? of 정신 (“spirit, mind”)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
精	神

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 精神

1. chữ Hán form of tinh thần (“spirit, mind”).