吟

吟 U+541F, 吟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541F ← 吞 [U+541E] CJK Unified Ideographs 吠 → [U+5420]

Translingual

Han character

吟 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈弓 (ROIN), four-corner 6802₇, composition ⿰口今)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3330
• Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 591, character 10
• Unihan data for U+541F

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Chinese

trad.		吟
simp. #		吟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms) : semantic 口 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁴, ngam⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìm
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngìng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gîm
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gnin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jam⁴, ngam⁴
    • Yale: yàhm, ngàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁴, ngam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem⁴, ngem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²¹/, /ŋɐm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngimˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngim²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋim¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîm
    • Tâi-lô: gîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡim²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡim²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡim¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡim²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim²³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin
    • MiniDict: nyin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/

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• Middle Chinese: ngim, ngimH

Rime
Character	吟	吟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚金切	宜禁切
Baxter	ngim	ngimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiɪm/	/ŋˠiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚim/	/ŋᵚimH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiem/	/ŋiemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjim/	/ŋjimH/
Li Rong	/ŋjəm/	/ŋjəmH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭĕm/	/ŋĭĕmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯əm/	/ŋi̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín	yìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngam4	ngam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡrɯm/, /*ŋɡrɯms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ ngim ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English	chant, intone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吟	吟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6618	6620
Phonetic component	今	今
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	吟	吟
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡrɯm/	/*ŋɡrɯms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 吟

1. to recite; to chant
2. to groan
3. (literature) a type of poetry
4. (of birds or insects) to sing

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Japanese

Kanji

吟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)^{←ごん (gon, historical)←ごむ (gomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: ぎん (gin, Jōyō)^{←ぎん (gin, historical)←ぎむ (gimu, ancient)}
• On: きん (kin); こん (kon)
• Kun: うたう (utau, 吟う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 吟ふ, historical)}; なく (naku, 吟く)

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Korean

Hanja

吟 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 吟 (ngâm, gặm, gẫm, ngăm, ngăn, ngậm, ngẫm, gầm, ngẩm, ngắm, ngợm)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.