凶
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Translingual
Han character
凶 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 山大 (UK), four-corner 22770, composition ⿶凵㐅)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1803
- Dae Jaweon: page 300, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 306, character 19
- Unihan data for U+51F6
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 凶 | ||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) and/or Ideogram (指事) - with the '凵' component representing a hole in the ground and with the '㐅' component (if an ideogram) indicating the existence of a hole and/or (if a pictogram) representing rock, mud, stone or bamboo in the hole. Alternately, could be derived from the upper component of '㚇'.
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. |
凶 | |
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alternative forms | 㐫 㓙 兇 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syong
- Wade–Giles: hsiung1
- Yale: syūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
- Palladius: сюн (sjun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hung1
- Yale: hūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung1
- Guangdong Romanization: hung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng
- Hakka Romanization System: hiungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiung1
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: xjowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)oŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰoŋ/
Definitions
- inauspicious; bad luck; bad omen
- to have a famine due to crop failure
- 凶年 ― xiōngnián ― year of bad harvest and famine
- 河內凶,則移其民於河東,移其粟於河內;河東凶亦然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Hé nèi xiōng, zé yí qí mín yú hé dōng, yí qí sù yú hé nèi; hé dōng xiōng yì rán. [Pinyin]
- If the year be bad on the inside of the river, I remove as many of the people as I can to the east of the river, and convey grain to the country in the inside. When the year is bad on the east of the river, I act on the same plan.
河内凶,则移其民于河东,移其粟于河内;河东凶亦然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 凶 – see 兇 (“terrible; ferocious”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 兇). |
Notes:
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References
- “Entry #592”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Noun
Kanji in this term |
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凶 |
きょう Grade: S |
kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
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兇 |
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
凶 (eumhun 흉할 흉 (hyunghal hyung))
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
凶: Hán Nôm readings: hung[1][2][3][4][5][6]
References
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading わる・い
- Japanese terms spelled with 凶 read as きょう
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