jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaci, jakové
genitive	jaka	jaků
dative	jakovi, jaku	jakům
accusative	jaka	jaky
vocative	jaku	jaci, jakové
locative	jakovi, jaku	jacích
instrumental	jakem	jaky

Derived terms[edit]

jačí

References[edit]

^ "jak²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Dutch[edit]

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^nl

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jɑk/
Hyphenation: jak
Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1[edit]

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Alternative forms[edit]

yack, yak

Noun[edit]

jak m (plural jaks, diminutive jakje n)

yak, the ox-like Himalayan bovine, Bos grunniens

Derived terms[edit]

(produce) jakboter, jakmelk

Etymology 2[edit]

Cognate with English jacket.

Noun[edit]

jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)

tight upper body garment

Descendants[edit]

Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)

Garo[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /d͡ʒak/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“hand; arm”). Cognate with Narua lak (“hand”).

Noun[edit]

jak

hand
arm

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“leaf”).

Noun[edit]

jak

leaf

Classifier[edit]

jak

used with leaves

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈjɒk]
Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun[edit]

jak (plural jakok)

yak

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jakok
accusative	jakot	jakokat
dative	jaknak	jakoknak
instrumental	jakkal	jakokkal
causal-final	jakért	jakokért
translative	jakká	jakokká
terminative	jakig	jakokig
essive-formal	jakként	jakokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	jakban	jakokban
superessive	jakon	jakokon
adessive	jaknál	jakoknál
illative	jakba	jakokba
sublative	jakra	jakokra
allative	jakhoz	jakokhoz
elative	jakból	jakokból
delative	jakról	jakokról
ablative	jaktól	jakoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	jaké	jakoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	jakéi	jakokéi

Possessive forms of jak
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	jakom	jakjaim
2nd person sing.	jakod	jakjaid
3rd person sing.	jakja	jakjai
1st person plural	jakunk	jakjaink
2nd person plural	jakotok	jakjaitok
3rd person plural	jakjuk	jakjaik

Derived terms[edit]

Expressions

jakvajas mécses

Kalo Finnish Romani[edit]

Noun[edit]

jak f (genitive jakkako, nominative plural jakka, genitive plural jakkengo)

(anatomy) eye

Derived terms[edit]

Kashubian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
Hyphenation: jak

Adverb[edit]

jak

how

Conjunction[edit]

jak

how

Lashi[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /d͡ʑak/

Noun[edit]

jak

machine

References[edit]

Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[2], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Malay[edit]

Adverb[edit]

jak

(Pontianak) Alternative spelling of sahaja (“only”)

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

jak

Alternative form of jakke

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^nb

Etymology[edit]

From languages such as English yak, German Jak or French yak, all from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag, “yak”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jak/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ak
Hyphenation: jak
Homophone: jakk

Noun[edit]

jak m (definite singular jaken, indefinite plural jaker, definite plural jakene)

a yak (an ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane; scientific name Bos grunniens)

References[edit]

“jak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“jak” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
“jak” in Store norske leksikon

Old Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈjak/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈjak/

Adverb[edit]

jak

Alternative form of jako.

Conjunction[edit]

jak

Alternative form of jako.

Descendants[edit]

Czech: jak

References[edit]

Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “jak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /jak/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /jak/

Adverb[edit]

jak

adverbal inerogative; how (in what way)
adverbal relational; as, like (in a similar way)
The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 7:
  A thak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wsak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)
  [A tak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wszak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)]

Conjunction[edit]

jak

introduces a conditional; if
introduces a temporal clause; when

Descendants[edit]

Polish: jak
Silesian: jak

References[edit]

B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “jak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jak/
(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
Audio 1 (file)
Audio 2 (file)
Audio 3 (file)
Audio 4 (file)
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: jak

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish jak.

Pronoun[edit]

jak

how
Jak masz na imię? ― What's your name? (informal)

Jak się masz? ― How are you? (informal)

Jak to zrobiłeś? ― How did you do that?

Related terms[edit]

adverb

tak

pronoun

jaki

Conjunction[edit]

jak

as
Jak widać, jeszcze nie skończyłam. ― As you can see, I haven't finished yet.

Jego ojciec jest silny jak wół. ― His father is strong as an ox.
like
Wyglądasz jak obcokrajowiec. ― You look like a foreigner.
(colloquial) when; replaces kiedy, gdy
Jak byłem w lesie, to widziałem niedźwiedzia. ― When I was in the forest, I saw a bear.
(colloquial) if; replaces jeśli, jeżeli
Jak będziesz dalej tak robiła, to w końcu cię rzuci. ― If you keep doing that, he'll eventually dump you.
(colloquial) than; replaces niż
Typ nie miał więcej jak metr sześćdziesiąt. ― The guy was no taller than five feet three.
as much as possible, used with a superlative
Zrobię to jak najszybciej. ― I'll do it as soon as possible.

Etymology 2[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^pl

Borrowed from English yak.

Noun[edit]

jak m anim

yak (ox-like mammal)

Declension[edit]

Declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaki
genitive	jaka	jaków
dative	jakowi	jakom
accusative	jaka	jaki
instrumental	jakiem	jakami
locative	jaku	jakach
vocative	jaku	jaki

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 375 times in scientific texts, 247 times in news, 343 times in essays, 530 times in fiction, and 756 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2251 times, making it the 18th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References[edit]

^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “jak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *akъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jâːk/

Adjective[edit]

jȃk (definite jȃkī, comparative jȁčī, Cyrillic spelling ја̑к)

strong
Synonyms: silan, snažan

Declension[edit]

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jak	jaka	jako
genitive		jaka	jake	jaka
dative		jaku	jakoj	jaku
accusative	inanimate animate	jak jaka	jaku	jako
vocative		jak	jaka	jako
locative		jaku	jakoj	jaku
instrumental		jakim	jakom	jakim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jaki	jake	jaka
genitive		jakih	jakih	jakih
dative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
accusative		jake	jake	jaka
vocative		jaki	jake	jaka
locative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
instrumental		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jaki	jaka	jako
genitive		jakog(a)	jake	jakog(a)
dative		jakom(u/e)	jakoj	jakom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	jaki jakog(a)	jaku	jako
vocative		jaki	jaka	jako
locative		jakom(e/u)	jakoj	jakom(e/u)
instrumental		jakim	jakom	jakim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jaki	jake	jaka
genitive		jakih	jakih	jakih
dative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
accusative		jake	jake	jaka
vocative		jaki	jake	jaka
locative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
instrumental		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jači	jača	jače
genitive		jačeg(a)	jače	jačeg(a)
dative		jačem(u)	jačoj	jačem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	jači jačeg(a)	jaču	jače
vocative		jači	jača	jače
locative		jačem(u)	jačoj	jačem(u)
instrumental		jačim	jačom	jačim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jači	jače	jača
genitive		jačih	jačih	jačih
dative		jačim(a)	jačim(a)	jačim(a)
accusative		jače	jače	jača
vocative		jači	jače	jača
locative		jačim(a)	jačim(a)	jačim(a)
instrumental		jačim(a)	jačim(a)	jačim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najjači	najjača	najjače
genitive		najjačeg(a)	najjače	najjačeg(a)
dative		najjačem(u)	najjačoj	najjačem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najjači najjačeg(a)	najjaču	najjače
vocative		najjači	najjača	najjače
locative		najjačem(u)	najjačoj	najjačem(u)
instrumental		najjačim	najjačom	najjačim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najjači	najjače	najjača
genitive		najjačih	najjačih	najjačih
dative		najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)
accusative		najjače	najjače	najjača
vocative		najjači	najjače	najjača
locative		najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)
instrumental		najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)

Related terms[edit]

jačati

Etymology 2[edit]

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jâk/

Noun[edit]

jȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ја̏к)

yak (ox-like mammal)

Declension[edit]

Declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jȁk	jàkovi
genitive	jaka	jakova
dative	jaku	jakovima
accusative	jaka	jakove
vocative	jače	jakovi
locative	jaku	jakovima
instrumental	jakom	jakovima

Silesian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

jako

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish jak.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: jak

Pronoun[edit]

jak

how

Adverb[edit]

jak

comparative as
Synonyms: choby, choćby
as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)
as well as
when
Synonyms: kedy, kej
than
Synonyms: aniżeli, niż
if
Synonyms: dy, ejźli, eli, eźli, gdy, jeli, jeźli, jeźli

Slovak[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Derived from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/

Noun[edit]

jak m anim (genitive singular jaka, nominative plural jaky, genitive plural jakov, declension pattern of dub)

yak

Declension[edit]

Declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaky
genitive	jaka	jakov
dative	jakovi	jakom
accusative	jaka	jaky
locative	jakovi	jakoch
instrumental	jakom	jakmi

Derived terms[edit]

jačí

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jáːk/

Noun[edit]

jȃk m anim

yak (ox-like mammal)

Inflection[edit]

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	ják
gen. sing.	jáka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ják	jáka	jáki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	jáka	jákov	jákov
dative (dajȃlnik)	jáku	jákoma	jákom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	jáka	jáka	jáke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	jáku	jákih	jákih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	jákom	jákoma	jáki

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jɑːk/

Noun[edit]

jak c

a yak, an ox-like mammal

Declension[edit]

Declension of jak
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	jak	jaken	jakar	jakarna
Genitive	jaks	jakens	jakars	jakarnas

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English shark.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ʃak]

Noun[edit]

jak (nominative plural jaks)

shark

Declension[edit]

declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaks
genitive	jaka	jakas
dative	jake	jakes
accusative	jaki	jakis
vocative ¹	o jak!	o jaks!
predicative ²	jaku	jakus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms[edit]

hijak
jijak

[1] "jak²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

[2] Ida Kurcz (1990), “jak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

[1]

[1]

jak

English[edit]

Noun[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Acehnese[edit]

Verb[edit]

References[edit]

Albanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Garo[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Classifier[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Kalo Finnish Romani[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Kashubian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Lashi[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Malay[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Old Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]