Swahili
Etymology
From Malagasy avona (“pride”), formed as if the reflexive form of the unrelated verb -vuna (“to harvest”).
Verb
-jivuna (infinitive kujivuna)
- to be proud
Conjugation
Conjugation of -jivuna
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Positive present
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-najivuna
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Subjunctive
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-jivune
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Negative
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-jivuni
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Imperative singular
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jivuna
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Infinitives
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Imperatives
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Tensed forms
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Habitual
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hujivuna
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Positive past
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positive subject concord + -lijivuna
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Negative past
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negative subject concord + -kujivuna
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Positive present (positive subject concord + -najivuna)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
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ninajivuna/najivuna
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tunajivuna
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2nd person
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unajivuna
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mnajivuna
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
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anajivuna
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wanajivuna
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other classes
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positive subject concord + -najivuna
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Negative present (negative subject concord + -jivuni)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
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sijivuni
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hatujivuni
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2nd person
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hujivuni
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hamjivuni
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
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hajivuni
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hawajivuni
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other classes
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negative subject concord + -jivuni
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Positive future
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positive subject concord + -tajivuna
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Negative future
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negative subject concord + -tajivuna
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Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jivune)
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Singular
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Plural
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1st person
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nijivune
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tujivune
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2nd person
|
ujivune
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mjivune
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3rd person
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m-wa(I/II)
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ajivune
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wajivune
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other classes
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positive subject concord + -jivune
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Negative subjunctive
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positive subject concord + -sijivune
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Positive present conditional
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positive subject concord + -ngejivuna
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Negative present conditional
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positive subject concord + -singejivuna
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Positive past conditional
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positive subject concord + -ngalijivuna
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Negative past conditional
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positive subject concord + -singalijivuna
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Perfect
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positive subject concord + -mejivuna
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"Already"
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positive subject concord + -meshajivuna
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"Not yet"
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negative subject concord + -jajivuna
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"If/When"
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positive subject concord + -kijivuna
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"If not"
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positive subject concord + -sipojivuna
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Consecutive
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kajivuna / positive subject concord + -kajivuna
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Consecutive subjunctive
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positive subject concord + -kajivune
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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Derived terms