singen
Cimbrian
[edit]Verb
[edit]singen
- to sing
References
[edit]- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German singen, from Old High German singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]singen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singt, past tense sang, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sänge, auxiliary haben)
- to sing
- 1931, Arthur Schnitzler, Flucht in die Finsternis, S. Fischer Verlag, page 38:
- Er ging rasch und sicher, trällerte vor sich hin, endlich begann er sogar zu singen mit einer schönen dunklen Stimme, die ihm selber fremd vorkam.
- He walked fast and firmly, trilled to himself, finally he even started to sing in a beautiful dark voice, which seemed unfamiliar to himself.
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | singend | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singst | ihr singt | du singest | ihr singet | ||
er singt | sie singen | er singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sang | wir sangen | ii | ich sänge1 | wir sängen1 |
du sangst | ihr sangt | du sängest1 du sängst1 |
ihr sänget1 ihr sängt1 | ||
er sang | sie sangen | er sänge1 | sie sängen1 | ||
imperative | sing (du) singe (du) |
singt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “singen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “singen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “singen” in Duden online
- “singen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Low German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German singen, from Old Saxon singan.
Verb
[edit]singen (past singular sung, past participle sungen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (Low Saxon) to sing
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | singen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | sing | sung |
2nd person singular | sings(t) | sungs(t) |
3rd person singular | sing(t) | sung |
plural | singt, singen | sungen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | sing | |
plural | singt | |
participle | present | past |
singen | (e)sungen, gesungen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan.
Verb
[edit]singen
- to sing
Inflection
[edit]Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | singen | |
3rd sg. past | sanc | |
3rd pl. past | songen | |
Past participle | gesongen | |
Infinitive | singen | |
In genitive | singens | |
In dative | singene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | sanc |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | soncs, songes |
3rd singular | sinct, singet | sanc |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | sonct, songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | songe |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | songes |
3rd singular | singe | songe |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | sinc, singe | |
Plural | sinct, singet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | singende | gesongen |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “singhen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “singen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]singen
- To sing (something); to produce (certain) noises with one's voice:
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- a. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of feyned contemplatif lif, of song, of þe ordynal of salisbury, & of bodely almes & worldly bysynesse of prestis; hou bi þes foure þe fend lettiþ hem fro prechynge of þe gospel[1]:
- Þan were matynys & masse & euen song, placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men, to be songen wiþ heiȝe criynge to lette men fro þe sentence & vnderstondynge of þat þat was þus songen, & to maken men wery & vndisposid to studie goddis lawe for akyng of hedis […]
- Then there were matins, mass, evensong, placebo, dirges, commendations, and matins of Our Lady, which originated from sinful men, to be sung with high-pitched shrieking to keep people from the meaning and understanding of that which was sung, as to make men weary and unsuited to study God's law because of headaches […]
- To explicate or narrate in song.
- To cry in agony; to produce lamentations.
- To produce birdsong or a similar noise.
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):
- To use or play a musical instrument.
- To make the sound of a musical instrument.
- To undergo agony or sorrow.
- (rare) To make an animal sound.
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | (to) singen, singe | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | singe | sang | |
2nd-person singular | singest | sunge, sange, sang | |
3rd-person singular | singeth | sang | |
subjunctive singular | singe | sunge1, sange1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | singen, singe | sungen, sunge, sangen, sange | |
imperative plural | singeth, singe | — | |
participles | singynge, singende | sungen, sunge |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Conjugation
[edit]- “singen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-09-20.
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]singen
- Alternative form of synnen
Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old High German singan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]singen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singet, past tense sanc, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sünge, auxiliary hān)
- to sing
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | singennes singenes | ||||
dative gerund | singenne singene | ||||
present participle | singende | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singest | ir singet | du singest | ir singet | ||
ër singet | sie singent | ër singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sanc | wir sungen | ii | ich sünge | wir süngen |
du sünge | ir sunget | du süngest | ir sünget | ||
ër sanc | sie sungen | ër sünge | sie süngen | ||
imperative | sinc (du) | singet (ir) |
Descendants
[edit]- Alemannic German:
- Swabian:
- Sathmar Swabian: singe
- Swabian:
- Bavarian: singa
- Cimbrian: singen
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: singe
- German: singen
- Luxembourgish: sangen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: singe
- Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)
References
[edit]- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “singen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke[3], Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]singen
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian verbs
- cim:Music
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩
- Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 3 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German terms with quotations
- de:Music
- Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Low German lemmas
- Low German verbs
- Low German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Middle English class 3 strong verbs
- enm:Animal sounds
- enm:Emotions
- enm:Music
- enm:Poetry
- enm:Religion
- enm:Talking
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German strong verbs
- Middle High German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English verb forms