ki-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ki"

Choctaw

Prefix

kī- (before vowels kil-, class N first-person plural)

the subject of a hortative verb
let us
the subject of a negative active transitive verb
we don't
the subject of a negative active intransitive verb
we don't

Inflection

Choctaw Person Markers


			class I			class II		class III		class N		imperative
			+s	+C	+V	+C/i	+a/o	+C	+V	+C	+V	+C	+V
first-person	singular	initial	-li			sa-	si-	a̱-	am-	ak-		n/a
	singular	medial	-li			sa-	si-	-sa-	-sam-	ak-
	paucal		ī-		il-	pi-		pi̱-	pim-	kī-	kil-
	plural		ī-		il-	hapi-		hapi̱-	hapim-	kī-	kil-
second-person	singular		is-	ish-		chi-		chi̱-	chim-	chik-		∅
second-person	plural		has-	hash-		hachi-		hachi̱-	hachim-	hachik-		ho-	oh-
third-person			∅			∅		i̱-	im-	ik-

Esperanto

Etymology

From interrogative and relative pronouns of European languages, such as French (qui, que, quoi, quel, quand, comment, combien), Italian (che), Russian (кто, как, какой, куда, когда).

Prefix

ki-

wh-, what (interrogative/relative correlative prefix)

Derived terms

kiu (“which one, who, which/what (with a noun)”)
kio (“what (without a noun)”)
kia (“what kind of, what a ...!”)
kies (“whose”)
kiel (“how, to what degree”)
kie (“where”)
kiam (“when”)
kiom (“how much”)
kial (“why”)

Haitian Creole

Prefix

ki-

what, which (interrogative prefix)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈki]
Audio: (file)

Prefix

ki-

(verbal prefix) It indicates actions with outward direction or actions aiming fulfillment.
megy (“to go”) → kimegy (“to exit, to go out”)
construed with magát and definite conjugation of originally intransitive verbs: to one's heart's content, as much as one wants or needs
alszik (“to sleep”) → kialussza magát (“to get enough sleep”)

úszik (“to swim”) → kiússza magát (“to have enough swim”)

beszél (“to speak”) → kibeszéli magát (“to say everything that weighs on one’s mind”)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs prefixed with ki-

References

Hungarian verb prefixes in the English Wikipedia

Kongo

Prefix

ki- (plural bi-)

class 7 prefix
class 7 subject concord
used to form name of languages
used to form name of villages

Makasar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ki]

Pronoun

ki- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨀᨗ)

we (first person plural inclusive)
you (polite second person singular and plural)

Old High German

Prefix

ki-

(Bavaria) Alternative form of gi-

Pipil

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): /ɣi/

Prefix

ki-

(personal) it, her, him, third-person singular object marker.
Te kikak aka
Nobody heard it/him/her

Usage notes

When the prefix "-ki-" is being preceded by a subject marker o followed by an initial "i" in the verb, it loses its own i and becomes just "-k-", as in this example:

Nikneki se kinia

I want (it) a banana

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

Alternative forms

ch-

Prefix

ki- (plural vi-)

ki class_(VII) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly artefacts (objects made by humans) and people or objects with physical defects
kitu kizuri ― a nice thing

kilema ― a crippled person
1. diminutive prefix
  ‎ki- + ‎mtoto (“child”) → ‎kitoto (“baby”)
prefix used to derive adverbs from nouns describing human qualities
‎ki- + ‎mtoto (“child”) → ‎kitoto (“childishly”)

‎ki- + ‎-shenzi (“barbarous”) → ‎kishenzi (“like a barbarian”)
1. forms the name of a language
  ‎ki- + ‎Arabic سَوَاحِل (sawāḥil, “coastal dwellers”) → ‎Kiswahili (“Swahili language”)
  
  ‎ki- + ‎Uingereza (“England”) → ‎Kiingereza (“English language”)
(prefixed to an entire noun, including its class prefix) adverbial prefix
‎ki- + ‎mapenzi (“love”) → ‎kimapenzi (“romantically”)
- 2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:
  […] mwingiliano wa miaka mingi kibiashara, kijamii na kiutamaduni katika nchi hizi mbili.
  […] many years of interaction, commercially, societally, and culturally, between these two countries.
(prefixed to reduplicated locative word) adverbial prefix
‎ki- + ‎juu (“top, surface”) → ‎kijuujuu (“superficially”)

Usage notes

Adverbs derived with this prefix are often used as adjectives with a preceding -a:

‎-a + ‎ki- + ‎mke (“woman”) → ‎-a kike (“female”)

‎-a + ‎ki- + ‎mataifa (“nations”) → ‎-a kimataifa (“international”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

ki-

it, ki class_(VII) subject concord
- 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
  […] na kichwa chake kiwazi kilituonyesha nywele zilizochanwa na kupasuliwa njia katikati.
  […] and his uncovered head showed us combed hair with a middle part.
verb-initial form of -ki- (“it, ki class_(VII) object concord”)

Tooro

Alternative forms

(before vowels) ky-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ki-/, [ci-]

Prefix

ki-

class 7 pronominal concord
‎ki- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎kinu (“this (class 7)”)
it; class 7 subject concord
‎ki- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎kikora (“it (class 7) does”)
positive imperative form of -ki- (“it; class 7 object concord”)
‎ki- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎kiha (“give it (class 7)”)

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ki-]

Prefix

ki-

Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive non-transitive-agent prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel i.
Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive transitive agent prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-¹						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-¹
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	n-, ni-	n-, ni-
distant past third person	tüwü	—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

	Independent	Absolutive	Nominative	Possessive
1^st sg / 1^st pl excl	nakke	-a'	ku-	-ku
1^st pl excl (archaic)	kambe	-kang	ki-	-mang
1^st pl incl / 2^nd sg polite	katte	-ki'	ki-	-ta
2^nd sg / pl familiar	kau	-ko	nu-	-nu
3^rd sg / pl	ia	-i	na-	-na

	singular	plural
1st person	nech-	tech-
2nd person	metz-	metzin-
3rd person	ki-	kin-

Class	Subject concord		Object concord	Relative
Class	affirmative	negative	Object concord	Relative
m_(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa_(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m_(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi_(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji_(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma_(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki_(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi_(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n_(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n_(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u_(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku_(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa_(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu_(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	Combined forms
Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	na	ni
Class 1	First	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	Second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	Third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
Class 2	First	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	Second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	Third	abo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
Class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
Class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
Class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
Class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
Class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
Class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
Class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
Class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
Class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
Class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
Class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
Class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
Class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
Class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
Reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

ki-

Choctaw

Prefix

Inflection

Esperanto

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

Haitian Creole

Prefix

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Prefix

Derived terms

See also

References

Kongo

Prefix

Makasar

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Old High German

Prefix

Pipil

Pronunciation

Prefix

Usage notes

See also

Swahili

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Prefix

Usage notes

See also

Etymology 2

Prefix

See also

Tooro

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

See also

References

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

Prefix

Inflection

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