三十

Chinese

		three	ten
simp. and trad. (三十)		三	十
anagram		十三

Chinese cardinal numbers

<  29	30	31  >
Cardinal : 三十 (sānshí)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): sānshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): san¹ si²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): саншы (sanšɨ, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ sap⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sâm-sṳ̍p

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sam¹ seb⁶

• Eastern Min (BUC): săng-sĕk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): saⁿ-cha̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): san¹ zab⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-zeq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sānshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sanshíh
    • Wade–Giles: san¹-shih²
    • Yale: sān-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanshyr
    • Palladius: саньши (sanʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: san¹ si²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sans
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: саншы (sanšɨ, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sæ̃²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saam¹ sap⁶
    • Yale: sāam sahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ sap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ seb⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ sɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâm-sṳ̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: sam´ siib
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sam¹ sib⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨp̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sam¹ seb⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sam⁴⁴ səp̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: săng-sĕk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛiʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: saⁿ-cha̍p
    • Tâi-lô: sann-tsa̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svazap
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sã³³ t͡sap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sap̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: san¹ zab⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: saⁿ tsa̍p
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sã³³⁻²³ t͡sap̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹se-zeq
    • MiniDict: se^平 zeh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-zeq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: sam dzyip

Rime
Character	三	十
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇甘切	是執切
Baxter	sam	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	sap6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum  t.[ɡ]əp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*suːm  ɡjub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	三	十
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sān	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ sam ›	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	three	ten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	三	十
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	10963	11452
Phonetic component	三	十
Rime group	侵	緝
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	三	十
Old Chinese	/*suːm/	/*ɡjub/

Numeral

1. thirty; 30

   我昨天收到了三十多條垃圾短信。 [MSC, trad.]
   我昨天收到了三十多条垃圾短信。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn. [Pinyin]

   I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Synonyms

• 卅 (sà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三十):

• → Japanese: 三十(さんじゅう) (sanjū)
• → Korean: 삼십(三十) (samsip)
• → Vietnamese: tam thập (三十)

---

Japanese

Japanese cardinal numbers

<  29	30	31  >
Cardinal : 三十

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
三	十
さん Grade: 1	じゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

*/sanzipu/ → /sanʑifu/ → /sanʑiu/ → /sand͡ʑuː/

From Middle Chinese 三十 (MC sam dzyip). Analyzable as 三 (san, “three”) + 十 (jū, “ten”).

Noun

三(さん)十(じゅう) • (sanjū) ^{←さんじふ (sanzifu)?}

1. thirty

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
三	十
み Grade: 1	そ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi₁so₁⟩ → /miso/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三 (mi, “three”) +‎ 十 (so, “ten”).

Noun

三(み)十(そ) • (miso) 

1. thirty

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
三	十
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
irregular

/mi so ti/ → /misot͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三十 (miso, “thirty”) +‎ 路 (chi, “road”), where the road sense of 路 (chi) is used metaphorically as a unit of time, usually expressing a sense of day, but also sometimes used to mean year.

This reading is obsolete, and has been superseded by misoji below.

Alternative forms

• 三十路

Noun

三十(みそち) • (misochi) 

1. (obsolete) thirty
2. (obsolete) thirty years of age

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
三	十
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
irregular

Shift from earlier misochi (see above). The -chi changes to -ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Alternative forms

• 三十路

Noun

三十(みそじ) • (misoji) ^{←みそぢ (misodi)?}

1. (uncommon) thirty
2. (uncommon) thirty years of age

---

Korean

Hanja in this term
三	十

Numeral

三十 • (samsip) (hangeul 삼십)

1. Hanja form^? of 삼십 (“thirty”).

---

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
三	十

Numeral

三十

1. chữ Hán form of tam thập (“thirty”).