助

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

助 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一大尸 (BMKS), four-corner 7412₇, composition ⿰且力)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2313
• Dae Jaweon: page 330, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 368, character 8
• Unihan data for U+52A9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		助

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 助
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
虘	*zaːl, *zaː
蔖	*zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣	*rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓	*ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚	*ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝	*ʔsjaː
謯	*ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐	*ʔsjaːʔ
抯	*ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷	*ʔsjaːʔ
且	*sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄	*sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡	*sʰjaːs
查	*ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤	*ʔsraː
樝	*ʔsraː
皻	*ʔsraː
渣	*ʔsraː
楂	*zraː
苴	*zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔	*ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租	*ʔsaː
蒩	*ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖	*ʔsaːʔ
組	*ʔsaːʔ
珇	*ʔsaːʔ
靻	*ʔsaːʔ
粗	*sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂	*zaː
殂	*zaː
麆	*zaːʔ, *zras
伹	*zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆	*ʔsa, *sʰa
沮	*ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀	*ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽	*sʰa
雎	*sʰa
狙	*sʰa, *sʰas
岨	*sʰa
砠	*sʰa
坥	*sʰa, *sʰas
刞	*sʰas
覰	*sʰas
覷	*sʰas
跙	*zaʔ
筯	*das
菹	*ʔsra
葅	*ʔsra
阻	*ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎	*ʔsraʔ
詛	*ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏	*zra, *zraʔ
豠	*zra
鋤	*zra
耡	*zra, *zras
齟	*zraʔ
助	*zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zras) : phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) + semantic 力 (“strong arm”) – to help with one’s strength.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zo⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhu
• Northern Min (KCR): cū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zo⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zo⁶
    • Yale: joh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzo⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu
    • Hakka Romanization System: cu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zo⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 助
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡su⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fu⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡su¹³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡səu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡su¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡su²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡su²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡su⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡su⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡su⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡su⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zu²³/
	Suzhou	/zəu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zu¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zɤu²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰu²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰəu⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/d͡zəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɔ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sɔ²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɔ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sɔ²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sou²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡su⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡so³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/to³³/ 訓佐

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• Middle Chinese: dzrjoH

Rime
Character	助
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	牀據切
Baxter	dzrjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiɔH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zo6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ra-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zras/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	助
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrjoH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ra-s/
English	help (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	助
Reading #	1/1
No.	10457
Phonetic component	且
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	助
Old Chinese	/*zras/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 助

1. to help; to aid; to assist

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

助

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)^{←じよ (zyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: そ (so)
• Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 助ける, Jōyō); たすかる (tasukaru, 助かる, Jōyō); すけ (suke, 助, Jōyō)

Noun

助(すけ) • (suke) 

1. assistance

Prefix

助(じょ) • (jo-) 

1. help
2. assistant

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Korean

Hanja

助 (eum 조 (jo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

助: Hán Nôm readings: trợ, rợ, chợ, chữa, đợ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.