堀

Translingual

Han character

堀 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土尸山山 (GSUU), four-corner 4717₂, composition ⿰土屈)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5205
• Dae Jaweon: page 468, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 459, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5800

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		堀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
聉	*r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅	*kljods
祟	*sqʰluds
出	*kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁	*ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪	*qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀	*ŋr'uːd
袦	*ŋr'oːd
咄	*ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮	*sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙	*kljod
炪	*kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘	*ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯	*l'uːd
啒	*kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈	*kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟	*kʰluːd
泏	*kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀	*kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐	*kʰluːd
窋	*ʔl'ud
絀	*ʔl'ud
黜	*l̥ʰud
屈	*klud, *kʰlud
趉	*klud
鶌	*klud
詘	*kʰlud
倔	*ɡlud
崛	*ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kū (ku¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fat¹ / gwat⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khut

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kū
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ku
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu¹
    • Yale: kū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
    • Palladius: ку (ku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fat¹ / gwat⁶
    • Yale: fāt / gwaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁷ / gwat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fed¹ / gued⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚⁵/, /kʷɐt̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khut
    • Tâi-lô: khut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qud
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰut̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰut̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰut̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰut̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰut̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: gjut, khwot

Rime
Character	堀	堀
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	物 (60)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	衢物切	苦骨切
Baxter	gjut	khwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨut̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiut̚/	/kʰuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuət̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gut̚/	/kʰwət̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiuət̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭuət̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯uət̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jú	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat6	fat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːd/, /*ɡlud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kū
Middle Chinese	‹ khwot ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁut/
English	hole
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堀	堀
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1567	1587
Phonetic component	出	出
Rime group	物	物
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	窟	倔
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːd/	/*ɡlud/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堀

1. (literary) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 窟 (kū, “cavity; cave; hole”).
2. (literary) to bore a hole

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 堀 – see 掘 (“to dig”). (This character is an obsolete form of 掘).

References

• “堀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

堀

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): くつ (kutsu)
• Kun: ほり (hori, 堀, Jōyō)、ほる (horu)、あな (ana, 堀)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
堀
ほり Grade: S
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掘る (horu, “to dig”).

Alternative forms

• 濠, 壕

Noun

堀(ほり) • (hori) 

1. ditch, canal
2. moat

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 内堀(うちぼり) (uchibori)
• 空堀(からぼり) (karabori)
• 外堀(そとぼり) (sotobori)

Proper noun

堀(ほり) • (Hori) 

1. a surname

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Korean

Hanja

堀 (eum 굴 (gul))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

堀: Hán Nôm readings: quật

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.