崖

See also: 岸

Translingual

Han character

崖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山一土土 (UMGG), four-corner 2221₄, composition ⿱山厓)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 314, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8180
• Dae Jaweon: page 614, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 778, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5D16

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		崖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 崖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
街	*kreː, *kreː
鞋	*ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾	*ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
佳	*kreː
鮭	*ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯	*ŋreː, *ŋre
崖	*ŋreː, *ŋre
啀	*ŋreː
厓	*ŋreː
捱	*ŋreː
睚	*ŋreːs
娃	*qreː
洼	*qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇	*qreː, *qʷraː
胿	*ɡeː, *kʷeː
溎	*qeːns
觟	*ɡʷraːʔ
黊	*ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳	*ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
蛙	*qʷraː, *qʷreː
窪	*qʷraː
卦	*kʷreːs
挂	*kʷreːs
掛	*kʷreːs
詿	*kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
罣	*kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓	*kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
鼃	*ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
圭	*kʷeː
珪	*kʷeː
邽	*kʷeː
閨	*kʷeː
袿	*kʷeː
窐	*kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
茥	*kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
桂	*kʷeːs
筀	*kʷeːs
奎	*kʰʷeː
刲	*kʰʷeː
蝰	*kʰʷeː
楏	*kʰʷeː
睳	*qʰʷeː
畦	*ɡʷeː
眭	*ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
烓	*qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬	*kʰʷeʔ
恚	*qʷes
硅	*qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 厓 (OC *ŋreː, “cliff”).

Alternatively analyzed as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yá, yái

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ, ㄧㄞˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gâi / gâ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngai⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yá
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yá
    • Wade–Giles: ya²
    • Yale: yá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
    • Palladius: я (ja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yái
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yái
    • Wade–Giles: yai²
    • Yale: yái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yai
    • Palladius: яй (jaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jaɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaai⁴
    • Yale: ngàaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːi̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâi
    • Tâi-lô: gâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaai
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡai¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡai²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ
    • Tâi-lô: gâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaa
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /ɡa²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngai⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋai⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 崖
Mandarin	Beijing	/ia³⁵/
	Harbin	/ai²⁴/ /ia²⁴/
	Tianjin	/iɑ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/iɛ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ia⁴²/
	Xi'an	/nai²⁴/
	Xining	/nɛ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ia⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɛ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ia⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ŋai²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ŋai³¹/
	Guiyang	/ŋai²¹/
	Kunming	/æ³¹/
	Nanjing	/iɑ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ia⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ia¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ȵiɑ¹³/
	Hohhot	/nɛ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦia²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɑ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦie̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ia⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ŋɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ŋai¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ŋai¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋai¹¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋai²¹/
	Nanning	/ŋai²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ŋai²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/gai³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋai⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋa³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋãi⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zai³¹/ /ŋai³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngje, ngea

Rime
Character	崖	崖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	魚羈切	五佳切
Baxter	ngje	ngea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇ/	/ŋˠɛ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛ/	/ŋᵚæ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɛ/	/ŋæi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjiə̆/	/ŋaɨj/
Li Rong	/ŋje/	/ŋɛ/
Wang Li	/ŋǐe/	/ŋai/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋie̯/	/ŋai/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí	yá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4	ngaai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤrar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋreː/, /*ŋre/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	崖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yá
Middle Chinese	‹ ngɛ ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁrar/
English	river bank; limit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	崖	崖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4536	4547
Phonetic component	圭	圭
Rime group	支	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	崖	宜
Old Chinese	/*ŋreː/	/*ŋre/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 崖

1. cliff, precipice
2. precipitous
3. limit; boundary; margin

   Template:zh-syn

---

Japanese

Kanji

崖

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
• Kun: がけ (gake, 崖, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
崖
がけ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

崖(がけ) • (gake) 

1. cliff

---

Korean

Hanja

崖 • (ae, ui) (hangeul 애, 의, revised ae, ui, McCune–Reischauer ae, ŭi)

1. cliff, precipice
2. precipitous

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 崖 (nhai, day)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.