息

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

息 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹山心 (HUP), four-corner 2633₀, composition ⿱自心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10601
• Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2291, character 4
• Unihan data for U+606F

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (息) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
息	*slɯɡ
熄	*slɯɡ
媳	*slɯɡ
鄎	*slɯɡ
瘜	*slɯɡ
蒠	*slɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 自 (“nose”) + 心 (“heart”) – to breath (life) through one’s nose. Note that this uses the older meaning of 自, as “nose”, rather than “self”.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“breath; life; to breathe”). Cognate with Jingpho sa' (“to breathe”), Burmese အသက် (a.sak).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

simp. and trad.		息

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 息

1. to breathe; to pant
2. to sigh; to blow
3. to stop; to subside; to cease
4. to put a stop to; to stop
5. to rest; to have a rest
6. to grow; to develop
7. to calm down; to appease
8. breath; life
9. one's own children
10. interest; dividends
11. message; news

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		息
alternative forms		塞 Cantonese; Hakka 蝨／虱 Hakka

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sak¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): set

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sêd⁵

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sak¹
    • Yale: sāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: seg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: set
    • Hakka Romanization System: sed`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /set̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sêd⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sɛt̚¹/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 息
Mandarin	Beijing
	Harbin
	Tianjin
	Jinan
	Qingdao
	Zhengzhou
	Xi'an
	Xining
	Yinchuan
	Lanzhou
	Ürümqi
	Wuhan
	Chengdu
	Guiyang
	Kunming
	Nanjing
	Hefei
Jin	Taiyuan
	Pingyao
	Hohhot
Wu	Shanghai
	Suzhou
	Hangzhou
	Wenzhou
Hui	Shexian
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha
	Xiangtan
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/set̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐk̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬɐk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sɐk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)
	Shantou (Teochew)
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tit̚⁵/ 曾孫

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 息

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min) great-grandchild

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 曾孫 (“great-grandson; great-grandchild”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		曾孫, 曾孫子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	曾孫兒
	Taiwan	曾孫
	Harbin	重孫子, 重孫兒
	Singapore	曾孫
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	重孫, 重孫子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	重孫子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	重孫子
	Wanrong	重孫
	Xi'an	重孫
	Xining	重孫子
	Xuzhou	重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	重孫子
	Lanzhou	重孫, 男重孫 †
	Ürümqi	重孫子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	灰灰兒
	Wuhan	重孫子, 重孫
	Guiyang	重孫孫, 重孫
	Guilin	重孫子
	Liuzhou	息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 †
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	重重, 重孫 †
	Yangzhou	重孫子
	Nantong	重孫兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	息
	Hong Kong	息
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	息
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	息
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	息
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	息
	Macau	息
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	息
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	息
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	息
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	息
	Foshan	息
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	息
	Foshan (Shunde)	嘞
	Foshan (Sanshui)	息
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	息
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	息
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	息
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	息
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	息
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	息
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	息
	Taishan	息
	Kaiping (Chikan)	息
	Enping (Niujiang)	息
	Heshan (Yayao)	息
	Dongguan	息
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	息
	Qingyuan	息, 息仔
	Fogang	息
	Yingde (Hanguang)	息仔
	Yangshan	息
	Lianshan (Butian)	息
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	息
	Shaoguan	息
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	息
	Renhua	息仔
	Lechang	息仔
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	息仔
	Sihui	息
	Guangning	息
	Deqing	息
	Huaiji	息
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	息
	Yunfu	息仔
	Xinxing	息
	Luoding	息
	Yunan (Pingtai)	息
	Xinyi	息
	Lianjiang	息, 息仔
	Nanning	息, 息仔
	Wuzhou	息
	Yulin	息
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	曾孫
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	息
	Singapore (Guangfu)	息
Gan	Nanchang	曾孫子, 曾孫
	Lichuan	曾孫崽, 曾孫
	Pingxiang	曾孫
Hakka	Meixian	息仔
	Xingning	息哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿息
	Huidong (Daling)	息仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	息仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	息孫
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	息子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	息哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	息哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	息哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	息哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿息
	Wengyuan	息子
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	息子
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	息仔
	Liannan	息子
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	息
	Jiexi	息
	Luhe	息仔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	重孫
	Changting	息嫲哩
	Wuping	息嫲子
	Wuping (Yanqian)	息子
	Wuping (Pingyu)	息子
	Liancheng	息哩
	Ninghua	息孫
	Yudu	曾孫, 息孫
	Ningdu	重孫
	Ruijin	曾孫
	Shicheng	玄孫
	Tonggu (Sandu)	曾孫
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	曾孫
	Dayu	曾孫
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	息仔, 息嫲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	息仔, 息嫲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	息仔, 息嫲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	息, 息嫲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	息仔, 息嫲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	曾孫, 玄孫
	Hong Kong	息
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	息
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	息仔
	Xinyi (Sihe)	息
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	息
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	倈
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	息
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	息
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	息子
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	孫息, 息子
	Mengshan (Xihe)	息孫
	Luchuan	曾孫
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	重孫
	Sabah (Longchuan)	息仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	息
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	孫息
	Singkawang	息孫
Huizhou	Jixi	重孫
Jin	Taiyuan	重孫子
	Xinzhou	重孫
Northern Min	Jian'ou	息仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	曾孫
Southern Min	Xiamen	橄欖孫
	Quanzhou	橄欖孫
	Jinjiang	橄欖孫
	Zhangzhou	橄欖孫
	Taipei	橄欖孫
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	橄欖孫
	Kaohsiung	橄欖孫
	Yilan	橄欖孫
	Changhua (Lukang)	橄欖孫
	Taichung	橄欖孫
	Taichung (Wuqi)	橄欖孫
	Tainan	橄欖孫
	Taitung	橄欖孫
	Hsinchu	橄欖孫
	Kinmen	橄欖孫
	Penghu (Magong)	橄欖孫
	Penang (Hokkien)	橄欖孫
	Manila (Hokkien)	橄欖孫
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	息仔
	Shantou	重孫
	Bangkok (Teochew)	重孫
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	橄欖孫
	Leizhou	息
	Haikou	息, 妰𡝃息 †
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	息
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	重孫子
Wu	Shanghai	曾孫, 玄孫
	Shanghai (Chongming)	玄孫
	Suzhou	玄孫
	Danyang	重孫
	Hangzhou	重孫
	Ningbo	重孫
	Wenzhou	玄孫
	Jinhua	玄孫
Xiang	Changsha	曾孫子
	Loudi	曾孫
	Quanzhou	重孫, 息崽
Note	† - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see 熄 (“to extinguish; to go out; to turn off; to switch off”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 熄).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

息

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. breath
2. live
3. give birth
4. nurture
5. spread, multiply
6. rest
7. come to an end

Readings

• Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょく (shoku)^{←しよく (syoku, historical)}
• Kun: いき (iki, 息, Jōyō); やすむ (yasumu, 息む); やめる (yameru)

Compounds

Compounds

• 子(し)息(そく) (shisoku): (honorific) son
• 息(そく)女(じょ) (sokujo): (honorific) daughter
• 息(そく)男(なん) (sokunan): (honorific) son
• 息(むす)子(こ) (musuko): son; (slang, vulgar) penis
• 利(り)息(そく) (risoku): interest
• 令(れい)息(そく) (reisoku): (honorific) son

Etymology

Kanji in this term
息
いき Grade: 3
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

息(いき) • (iki) 

1. breath

   息(いき)をする

   iki o suru

   breathe

See also

• 吐(は)く (haku)
• 呼(こ)吸(きゅう) (kokyū)

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Korean

Hanja

息 (eumhun 쉴 식 (swil sik))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Okinawan

Kanji

息

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Kun: いーち (īchi, 息)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 息 (iki).

Noun

息 (hiragana いーち, romaji īchi)

1. breath

Derived terms

• 一息 (ちゅいーち, chuīchi, “a single breath, puff; a pause; a small effort”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 息 (tức)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.