扛

See also: 摃

Translingual

Han character

扛 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 手一 (QM), four-corner 5101₀, composition ⿰扌工)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 417, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11798
• Dae Jaweon: page 764, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1829, character 3
• Unihan data for U+625B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		扛
alternative forms		棡／㭎 掆／㧏 摃／𫼱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
缸	*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢	*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹	*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐	*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹ / kong¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gang
    • Wade–Giles: kang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong¹ / kong¹
    • Yale: gōng / kōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹ / kong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹ / kong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng
    • Tâi-lô: kng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³/

Note:

• kong - literary;
• kng - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: kaewng

Rime
Character	扛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古雙切
Baxter	kaewng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠʌŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚɔŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɔŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨwŋ/
Li Rong	/kɔŋ/
Wang Li	/kɔŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɔŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	扛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3997
Phonetic component	工
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	江
Old Chinese	/*kroːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 扛

1. to lift using both hand
2. to lift by at least two people

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): káng (kang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹ / kong¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: káng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: káng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang²
    • Yale: káng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: karng
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong¹ / kong¹
    • Yale: gōng / kōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹ / kong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹ / kong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng
    • Tâi-lô: kng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³/

Note:

• kong - literary;
• kng - vernacular.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 扛

1. carry on shoulders
2. to contradict

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

扛

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)
• Kun: あげる (ageru)、かつぐ (katsugu)

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Korean

Hanja

扛 (eum 강 (gang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

扛: Hán Nôm readings: giăng, giang, căng, dăng, giằng, dàng, giương, gồng, khiêng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.