沈

See also: 沉, 瀋, and 渖

Translingual

Han character

沈 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中月山 (ELBU), four-corner 3411₂, composition ⿰氵冘)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 610, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17189
• Dae Jaweon: page 1002, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1572, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6C88

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沈
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冘	*lu, *lum
抌	*lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖	*lus
貁	*lus
耽	*ʔl'uːm
眈	*ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖	*ʔl'uːm
妉	*ʔl'uːm
黕	*ʔl'uːmʔ
衴	*ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭	*ʔl'uːmʔ
馾	*ʔl'uːms
髧	*l'uːmʔ
紞	*ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂	*zlum, *l'um
沈	*l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉	*l'um
枕	*l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐	*l'um
霃	*l'um
鴆	*l'ums
訦	*ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ
忱	*ɦljum
邥	*hljumʔ
魫	*hljumʔ

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 水 (“water”) + 羊 (“sheep”) — to submerge a sheep into the water (as a form of sacrifice to the river god). Other forms included 牛 (“ox”) or 玉 (“jade”) instead of 羊.

Starting from the bronze inscriptions, it became a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).

This character was later borrowed to signify the surname, and the variant 沉 (OC *l'um) was adopted for the original meaning.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 沈 – see 瀋 (“liquid; juice; to pour; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 瀋).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 沈 – see 沉 (“to sink; to submerge; to fall; to sink; to subside; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 沉).

Usage notes

This variant form is the name of the sixty-fourth tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍅), as listed in the ancient text.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		沈

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 沈

1. Shen, a state during the Zhou dynasty and located in modern-day Henan
2. a surname

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		沈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tán (tan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tán
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tán
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan²
    • Yale: tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 沈

1. Only used in 沈沈.

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Japanese

Kanji

沈

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. sink
2. be submerged
3. subside
4. be depressed
5. aloes

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}; じん (jin)^{←ぢん (din, historical)←ぢむ (dimu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}; ちん (chin, Jōyō)^{←ちん (tin, historical)←ちむ (timu, ancient)}
• Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 沈む, Jōyō); しずめる (shizumeru, 沈める, Jōyō)

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Korean

Hanja

沈 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, im, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 沈 (đắm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.