獨

See also: 独

Translingual

Japanese	独
Simplified	独
Traditional	獨

Han character

獨 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田中戈 (KHWLI), four-corner 4622₇, composition ⿰犭蜀)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20725
• Dae Jaweon: page 1130, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1372, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7368

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Chinese

trad.		獨
simp.		独

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 獨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
襡	*toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣	*toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣	*toːɡs
歜	*sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀	*rtoːɡ
孎	*rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁	*rdoːɡ
鐲	*rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀	*rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉	*sʰroːɡ
獨	*doːɡ
髑	*doːɡ
韣	*doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸	*toɡ
钃	*toɡ
欘	*toɡ
躅	*doɡ
蠋	*doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭	*tjoɡ
囑	*tjoɡ
矚	*tjoɡ
屬	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸	*tʰjoɡ
臅	*tʰjoɡ
觕	*sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀	*djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːɡ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dú (du²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍k
• Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ta̍k / to̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dag⁸ / dog⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dú
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dú
    • Wade–Giles: tu²
    • Yale: dú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
    • Palladius: ду (du)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk⁶
    • Yale: duhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: tug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̆k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / to̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ta̍k / to̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dak, dok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /tɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /tɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /tɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /tɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /tɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• ta̍k - vernacular;
• to̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dag⁸ / dog⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k / to̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tak̚⁴/, /tok̚⁴/

Note:

• dag8 - vernacular;
• dog8 - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: duwk

Rime
Character	獨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒谷切
Baxter	duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/duk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ duwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁok/
English	alone; only
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獨
Reading #	1/1
No.	11818
Phonetic component	蜀
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	獨
Old Chinese	/*doːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 獨

1. alone; single; solitary

   獨自／独自  ―  dúzì  ―  by oneself

   獨奏／独奏  ―  dúzòu  ―  solo

2. the old and childless
3. only

   不獨／不独  ―  bùdú  ―  not only

   唯獨／唯独  ―  wéidú  ―  only; all except

4. (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that...

   Template:zh-syn

   • 子獨不見狸狌乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子独不见狸狌乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Zǐ dú bù jiàn lí shēng hū? [Pinyin]

     Have you not seen a wildcat or a weasel?

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (獨):

• → Japanese: 独(どく) (doku)
• → Korean: 독(獨) (dok)
• → Vietnamese: độc (獨)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	独
Kyūjitai	獨

Kanji

獨

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 独)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: どく (doku)
• Kan-on: とく (toku)
• Kun: ひとり (hitori, 獨り)

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Korean

Hanja

獨 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 獨 (độc, dọc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.