禮

See also: 礼 and 𫌓

Translingual

Traditional	禮
Simplified	礼
Japanese	礼
Korean	禮

Alternative forms

In Traditional Chinese, the component on the left of U+79AE is 礻. In Korean hanja and Japanese kyūjitai, the component on the left of U+79AE is 示 rather than 礻, which is also the historical form that appears in the Kangxi dictionary. A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F9B6 to reflect the form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

禮 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 戈火廿田廿 (IFTWT), four-corner 3521₈, composition ⿰礻豊(GHTV) or ⿰示豊(JK or U+F9B6))

Derived characters

• 𡅏, 𡓾, 𡤠, 𢹿, 𣠲, 𧕬, 𨰋

Related characters

• 礼 (Japanese shinjitai and Simplified Chinese)

Descendants

• れ (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
• レ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 847, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24844
• Dae Jaweon: page 1268, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2409, character 14
• Unihan data for U+79AE

• Unihan data for U+F9B6

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Chinese

trad.		禮
simp.		礼
alternative forms		礼 𠃞 ancient form 𤔑 ancient form 𥜨 𥜪 礼 𠃞 ancient form 𤔑 ancient form 𥜨 𥜪 𥘆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禮
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Ancient script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (豊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
體	*r̥ʰiːʔ
軆	*r̥ʰiːʔ
禮	*riːʔ
澧	*riːʔ
醴	*riːʔ
豊	*riːʔ
鱧	*riːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ) – performing rites at the altar.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lǐ (li³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lî
• Eastern Min (BUC): lā̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lé

  (Teochew, Peng'im): loi² / li²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶li

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
    • Wade–Giles: li³
    • Yale: lǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lai⁵
    • Yale: láih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
    • Hakka Romanization System: li´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: li¹
    • Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lā̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lé
    • Tâi-lô: lé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /le⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /le⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /le⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /le⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: loi² / li²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lói / lí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loi⁵²/, /li⁵²/

Note:

• loi2 - vernacular;
• li2 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶li
    • MiniDict: li^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

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• Middle Chinese: lejX

Rime
Character	禮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	盧啓切
Baxter	lejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leiX/
Pan Wuyun	/leiX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjX/
Li Rong	/leiX/
Wang Li	/lieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*riːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ lejX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁijʔ/
English	propriety, ceremony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禮
Reading #	1/1
No.	7839
Phonetic component	豊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	禮
Old Chinese	/*riːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 禮

1. present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c)
2. ritual; rite
3. etiquette
4. ceremony
5. salute
6. 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵)

Usage notes

Usually, a single 禮／礼 (lǐ) refers to a gift that involves more serious social interaction. For gifts between friends, 禮物／礼物 (lǐwù) is used instead.

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	礼
Kyūjitai	禮

Kanji

禮

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 礼)

1. Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”)

Readings

• Go-on: らい (rai)
• Kan-on: れい (rei)
• Nanori: ひろ (hiro); れ (re)

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Korean

Hanja

禮 (eumhun 례도/예도 례 (ryedo/yedo rye), word-initial (South Korea) 례도/예도 예 (ryedo/yedo ye))

1. Hanja form^? of 예 (“manners; etiquette”).

Compounds

• 결례 (缺禮, gyeollye, “discourtesy”)
• 경례 (敬禮, gyeongnye, “salute”)
• 다례 (茶禮, darye, “tea ceremony”)
• 답례 (答禮, damnye, “return, reward”)
• 무례 (無禮, murye, “rudeness”)
• 사례 (謝禮, sarye, “return, reward”)
• 세례 (洗禮, serye, “baptism”)
• 예배 (禮拜, yebae, “worship”)
• 예식 (禮式, yesik, “ceremony”)
• 예의 (禮儀, yeui, “manners, etiquette”)
• 예절 (禮節, yejeol, “manners, etiquette”)
• 장례 (葬禮, jangnye, “funeral”)
• 혼례 (婚禮, hollye, “wedding”)

 

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Vietnamese

Han character

禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ (里(lí)弟(đệ)切(thiết))
禮: Nôm readings: lẻ, lẫy, lễ, rẽ, rẩy, lạy, lẩy, lãi, lể, lởi, lỡi, lấy, lảy, rẻ

1. Template:han tu form of
2. Template:Nom form of
3. Template:Nom form of

Compounds

• 禮拜 (lễ bái, “to worship”)
• 禮物 (lễ vật, “gift; present”)