翼

Translingual

Han character

翼 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 尸一田廿金 (SMWTC), four-corner 1780₁, composition ⿱羽異)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 959, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28801
• Dae Jaweon: page 1406, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3356, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7FFC

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Chinese

trad.		翼
simp. #		翼
alternative forms		⿱羽一 second round simplified 𩙺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (異) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
禩	*ljɯʔ
異	*lɯɡs
潩	*lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
廙	*lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
趩	*l̥ʰɯɡ
瀷	*l̥ʰjɯɡ, *lɯɡ
翼	*lɯɡ
熼	*lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡ) : semantic 羽 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ C-jak (“arm, hand, wing”), especially if the Old Chinese reconstructed with *l- (Schuessler, 2007; Handel, 2009). Cognate with 腋 (OC *laːɡ, “armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “hand, arm”), Burmese လက် (lak, “hand, arm”).

However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese with *-p instead of *-k because of evidence from the oracle bones, making it difficult to compare to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 翼

1. wing (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)

   • 唯龍無翼者，升則乘雲 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     唯龙无翼者，升则乘云 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 80 CE, (deprecated template usage) 王充 (Wang Chong), 《論衡·道虛篇》

     wéi lóng wú yì zhě, shēng zé chéngyún [Pinyin]

     only dragons do not have wings; when they ascend they ride upon the clouds

2. fin (of a fish)
3. wing (of an airplane)
4. (figurative) wing; flank

   右翼  ―  yòuyì  ―  right-wing (politics); right flank (military)

5. (Chinese astronomy) the Template:W mansion, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
6. to assist
7. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 翅膀 (“wing (of a bird or insect)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		翼, 翅, 羽, 翎, 𦑜, 翮 of a bird
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		翅膀, 翼, 翅, 翼翅, 羽翼
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	翅膀兒, 翅膀子, 膀兒, 翅兒
	Taiwan	翅膀
	Harbin	翅膀兒
	Malaysia	翅膀
	Singapore	翅膀
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	翅膀
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	翅膀兒, 翅子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	翅膀
	Wanrong	翅關
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	翅膀
	Zhengzhou	翅膀
	Xi'an	翅膀
	Xining	膀膀
	Xuzhou	翅膀, 翅膀子, 翅膀兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	膀子, 翅膀, 翅膀兒, 翅膀膀兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	膀子
	Lanzhou	膀子
	Ürümqi	膀子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	翅膀兒, 翅膀
	Muli	翅膀
	Wuhan	翅膀
	Guiyang	翅膀
	Guilin	翅膀, 翅拐
	Liuzhou	翅膀
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	翅膀
	Yangzhou	翅膀
	Nantong	翅刮
	Hefei	翅膀子, 膀子
	Huanggang	翅桿
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	膀子
	Nanping (Yanping)	翅膀
Cantonese	Guangzhou	翼
	Hong Kong	翼
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	翼
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	翼
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	翼
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	翼
	Macau	翼
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	翼
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	翼
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	翼
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	翼
	Foshan	翼
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	翼
	Foshan (Shunde)	翼
	Foshan (Sanshui)	翼
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	翼
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	翼
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	翼
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	翼
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	翼
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	翼
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	翼
	Taishan	翼
	Kaiping (Chikan)	翼
	Enping (Niujiang)	翼
	Heshan (Yayao)	翼
	Dongguan	翼
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	翼
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	翼
	Yangjiang	翼
	Nanning	翼
	Wuzhou	翼
	Yulin	翼
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	翼
	Danzhou	翼
	Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	翼
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	翼
	Singapore (Guangfu)	翼
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	翼
	Yangon (Taishan)	翼
	Mandalay (Taishan)	翼
Gan	Nanchang	翼膀, 翅膀
	Lichuan	翼, 翼膀
	Pingxiang	翼胛, 翼巴
Hakka	Meixian	翼胛
	Xingning	翼拍
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	翼
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	翼盼
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	翼盼
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	翼
	Huidong (Daling)	翼拍
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	翼
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	翼拍
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	翼
	Boluo (Bendihua)	翼, 翼拍
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	翼
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	翼
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	翼
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	翼拍
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	翼拍
	Wuhua (Changbu)	翼拍
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	翼拍
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	翼膀
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	翼拍
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	翼
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	翼
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	翼
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	翼膀
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	翼
	Wengyuan	翼
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	翼拍
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	翼
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	翼拍
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	翼, 翅
	Liannan	翼
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	翼
	Jiexi	翼
	Luhe	翼
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	翼
	Changting	翼拍
	Wuping	翼胛
	Wuping (Yanqian)	翼胛
	Wuping (Pingyu)	翼拍
	Liancheng	翼汗
	Ninghua	翼拍, 翼胛
	Yudu	翅膀, 翼膀
	Ningdu	翼拍
	Ruijin	翼拍
	Shicheng	翼拍, 翼膀
	Shangyou (Shexi)	翼膀
	Tonggu (Sandu)	翼拍
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	翅膀
	Dayu	翅膀
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	翼胛
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	翼胛
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	翼胛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	翼胛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	翼胛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	翼
	Hong Kong	翼
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	翼
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	翼
	Xinyi (Sihe)	翼
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	翼
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	翼
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	翼
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	翼
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	翼
Lianjiang (Qingping)	翼
Mengshan (Xihe)	翼
Luchuan	翼
Luchuan (Daqiao)	翼
Sabah (Longchuan)	翼
Senai (Huiyang)	翼
Singkawang	翼
Huizhou	Jixi	翼梭
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	翼膀, 肘翼, 肘翼膀
	Yixian	脊
	Qimen	翅翼, 翅扇, 翅扇兒
	Wuyuan	翼膀
	Fuliang	翅翼兒
Jin	Taiyuan	翅膀
	Xinzhou	翅膀
	Hohhot	翅膀, 膀子, 翅翅
Northern Min	Jian'ou	翼
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	翼
	Songxi	刻
	Zhenghe	翼
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	翼匹
	Jianyang	刻
	Wuyishan	刻
	Pucheng (Shibei)	刻
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	翼, 翼翼
	Fuzhou (Changle)	翼
	Fuqing	翼, 翼翼
	Yongtai	翼胛
	Gutian	翼
	Fu'an	翼
	Ningde	翼
	Shouning	翼髀
	Zhouning	翼
	Fuding	翼膀
	Matsu	翼
Southern Min	Xiamen	翼, 翼股, 翼仔
	Quanzhou	翼, 翼股, 翼仔
	Jinjiang	翼股
	Zhangzhou	翼, 翼股, 翼仔
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	翼胛
	Dongshan	翼
	Kaohsiung	翼仔
	Yilan	翼
	Changhua (Lukang)	翼
	Taichung	翼
	Taichung (Wuqi)	翼股
	Tainan	翼仔
	Taitung	翼
	Hsinchu	翼
	Penghu (Magong)	翼
	Penang (Hokkien)	翼
	Singapore (Hokkien)	翼
	Manila (Hokkien)	翼, 翼股
	Longyan	翼股
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	翼
	Datian	翼
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	翼
	Chaozhou	翼
	Shantou	翼
	Jieyang	翼
	Bangkok (Teochew)	翼
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	翼
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	翼
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	翼
	Singapore (Teochew)	翼
	Leizhou	翼
	Wenchang	翼
	Haikou	翼
	Singapore (Hainanese)	翼
Puxian Min	Putian	翼
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	翼, 翼股
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	翼
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	翼
	Xianyou	翼
	Xianyou (Fengting)	翼
	Xianyou (Youyang)	翼
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	翼, 翅膀
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	翅膀
Wu	Shanghai	翅膀, 翨𦑜
	Shanghai (Chongming)	扇肩
	Suzhou	翅膀, 翨𦑜
	Wuxi	翅膀
	Danyang	翅膀
	Hangzhou	翼翅膀
	Ningbo	翼梢, 翼梢膀
	Wenzhou	翼, 翼膀
	Jinhua	翼膀
Xiang	Changsha	翼胛, 翅膀
	Xiangtan	翼胛
	Loudi	翼胛
	Shuangfeng	翼胛
	Quanzhou	翅桿, 翅膀

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (翼):

• → Japanese: 翼(よく) (yoku)

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Japanese

Kanji

翼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: いき (iki)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
• Kun: つばさ (tsubasa, 翼, Jōyō); たすける (tasukeru, 翼ける)
• Nanori: すけ (suke); たすく (tasuku)

Compounds

Compounds

• 翼(よく)賛(さん) (yokusan)
• 翼(よく)成(せい) (yokusei)
• 羽(う)翼(よく) (uyoku)
• 右(う)翼(よく) (uyoku, “right flank”)
• 鶴(かく)翼(よく) (kakuyoku)
• 銀(ぎん)翼(よく) (gin'yoku)
• 左(さ)翼(よく) (sayoku, “left flank”)
• 主(しゅ)翼(よく) (shuyoku)
• 比(ひ)翼(よく) (hiyoku)
• 尾(び)翼(よく) (biyoku)
• 鼻(び)翼(よく) (biyoku)
• 扶(ふ)翼(よく) (fuyoku, “assistance”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
翼
つばさ Grade: S
kun’yomi

/tubasa/ → /t͡subasa/

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 翅

Noun

翼(つばさ) • (tsubasa) 

1. a wing (of a bird or bat)
   • 2015 September 19, “輝(き)銀(ぎん)の天空船(スカイシップ)－レオ号(ごう) [Silvery Skyship – Mk. Leo]”, in EXTRA PACK 2015, Konami:

     輝(き)銀(ぎん)の翼(つばさ)は栄(えい)光(こう)の印(しるし)。
     その証(あかし)は言(こと)葉(ば)によって語(かた)られる。

     Kigin no tsubasa wa eikō no shirushi.
     Sono akashi wa kotoba ni yotte katarareru.

     Her silvery wings display her glory.
     The proof of her glories are told in legend.

2. (by extension) a bird

   Synonyms: 鳥 (tori), 鳥類 (chōrui)

3. (aviation) an airfoil, wing
4. (by extension) an aircraft

See also

• 羽(はね) (hane)

Proper noun

翼(つばさ) or 翼(proper) • (tsubasa or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|つはさ']]

1. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
翼
よく Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 翼 (MC yik).

Noun

翼(よく) • (yoku) 

1. a wing (of a bird or insect)

   Synonym: 羽翼 (uyoku)

2. (aviation) an airfoil
3. (military) a flank
4. a blade (of a propeller, turbine, etc.) with the same cross section of an aircraft wing

Counter

翼(よく) • (-yoku) 

1. counter for wings of birds
2. (by extension) counter for birds
3. counter for boats

   Synonyms: 隻 (seki), 艘 (sō)

Affix

翼(よく) • (yoku) 

1. wing (of a bird, insect, aircraft, etc.)
2. (by extension) something overhanging both left and right, like a wing
3. assist, help, support

Proper noun

翼(よく) • (Yoku) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Template:W constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonym: 襷星 (Tasukiboshi)

2. a female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
翼
Grade: S
nanori

Nominalization of classical verb 助く (tasuku), modern 助ける (tasukeru, “to assist, help; rescue, save”).

Proper noun

翼(たすく) • (Tasuku) 

1. a female given name

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Korean

Hanja

翼 • (ik) (hangeul 익, McCune–Reischauer ik, Yale ik)

1. wings
2. fins (of a fish)
3. shelter

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Old Japanese

Alternative forms

• 翅

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

翼 (tubasa) (kana つばさ)

1. a wing (of a bird)
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 2238:
     , text here

     天飛也鴈之翅乃覆羽之何處漏香霜之零異牟

     amato₂bu ya kari no₂ tubasa no₂ opopi₁ba no₂ iduku morite ka simo no₂ purike₁mu

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

• Japanese: 翼 (つばさ, tsubasa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 翼 (dực)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.