薺

See also: 荠 and 萕

Translingual

Han character

薺 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜難 (TYX), four-corner 4422₃, composition ⿱艹齊)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1063, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32208
• Dae Jaweon: page 1527, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3315, character 11
• Unihan data for U+85BA

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Chinese

trad.		薺
simp.		荠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	*zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	*ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	*ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	*ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	*ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠	*ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	*zliːl, *zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	*zliːl, *zlil
懠	*zliːl, *zliːls
薺	*zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	*zliːls, *ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːlʔ, *zlil) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁵
• Eastern Min (BUC): cī
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chē / ché

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cai⁵
    • Yale: cháih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: cei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯¹³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
    • Tâi-lô: tsē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ze
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
    • Tâi-lô: tsé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzejX

Rime
Character	薺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徂禮切
Baxter	dzejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zeiX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zeiX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjX/
Li Rong	/d͡zeiX/
Wang Li	/d͡zieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*dzˤ[ə]jʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zliːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	薺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzejX ›
Old Chinese	/*dzˁ[ə]jʔ/
English	Capsella bursa-pastoris
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10058
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	薺
Old Chinese	/*zliːlʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 薺

1. shepherd's purse

Etymology 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 薺

1. Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi) and its regional synonyms.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cí (ci²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chîr

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cí
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci⁴
    • Yale: chìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr
    • Tâi-lô: tsîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzij

Rime
Character	薺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾資切
Baxter	dzij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi/
Li Rong	/d͡zi/
Wang Li	/d͡zi/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlil/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10071
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茨
Old Chinese	/*zlil/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 薺

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 茨 (cí, “Tribulus terrestris”).

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Japanese

Shinjitai	萕
Kyūjitai	薺

Kanji

薺 (nazuna): the flower of the shepherd's purse.

薺

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 萕)

Readings

• Go-on: ざい (zai); じ (ji)
• Kan-on: せい (sei); し (shi)
• Kun: なずな (nazuna, 薺)^{←なづな (naduna, なづな, historical)}; ひとしい (hitoshii, 薺しい); ととのえる (totonoeru, 薺える)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
薺
なずな Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/nad͡zuna/ > /nazuna/

Unclear. There are two leading theories, based on older form nadzuna:

• May be derived from natsu na, as in 夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 無 (na, “missing, gone”), from the way the plant dies back in the summer.
• May be derived from nadzuru na, as in 撫づる (nadzuru, “to pet, to pat, to stroke”, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese verb 撫づ nadzu, modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Japanese 撫でる naderu) + 菜 (na, “edible greens”), from the way the flower clusters may invite handling.

Noun

薺(なずな) or 薺(ナズナ) • (nazuna) ^{←なづな (naduna)?}

1. shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナズナ.

References

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

薺 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.