齋

See also: 斋 and 斎

齋	U+9F4B, 齋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F4B

← 齊
[U+9F4A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

齌 →
[U+9F4C]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional	齋
Shinjitai	斎
Simplified	斋

Han character[edit]

齋 (Kangxi radical 210, 齊+3, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜X火 (YXF), four-corner 0022₃, composition ⿵齊小)

Derived characters[edit]

𡄡𢥖𩵃

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1531, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48565
Dae Jaweon: page 2069, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4785, character 3
Unihan data for U+9F4B

Chinese[edit]

trad.		齋
simp.		斋

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	zriːl, ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	ʔsleds, ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
躋	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	ʔsliːl, ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	ʔsliːl, sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	ʔsliːlʔ, ʔsliːls
癠	ʔsliːlʔ, zliːl, zliːlʔ, zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	zliːl, zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	zliːl, zlil
懠	zliːl, zliːls
薺	zliːlʔ, zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	zliːls, ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsriːl): phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 示 (“god; deity”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhāi (zhai¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зэ (ze, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai¹, zai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): châi

(Meixian, Guangdong): zai¹
Min Bei (KCR): cái
Min Dong (BUC): că̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): che / chai

(Teochew, Peng'im): zê¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹tsa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhai
  - Wade–Giles: chai¹
  - Yale: jāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jai
  - Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зэ (ze, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaai¹, zai¹
  - Yale: jāai, jāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai¹, dzai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zai¹, zei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi
  - Hakka Romanization System: zai´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: că̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che / chai
  - Tâi-lô: tse / tsai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zef, zay
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se³³/, /t͡sai³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/

Note:

che - vernacular;
chai - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zê¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tse
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se³³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ¹tsa
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa̱⁵³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 齋
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂai⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sai⁴⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sai²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂai²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sai²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂæ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂae³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂe̞²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sai¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sæ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sɛ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡se⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sɑ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡se̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sa³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sa¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sai³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sai³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sai⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sai⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡se³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sai²³/ /t͡sɛ²³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠɛi/

Rime
Character	齋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側皆切
Baxter	tsreaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨj/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛi/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤr[ə]j/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsriːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	齋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsreaj ›
Old Chinese	/*tsˁr[ə]j/
English	purify oneself
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齋
Reading #	1/1
No.	10031
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	齋
Old Chinese	/*ʔsriːl/

Definitions[edit]

齋

(historical) to show one's piety before offering sacrifices and other ceremonies in ancient times, by abstaining from meat and alcohol, bathing oneself and clearing one's mind of distracting thoughts
^† solemn; earnest
vegetarian diet (often adopted for religious reasons)
吃齋／吃斋 ― chīzhāi ― to be a vegetarian
fasting
齋月／斋月 ― zhāiyuè ― Ramadan
(Buddhism, Taoism) religious ceremony (Classifier: 堂 c)
(Cantonese) plain; dull; boring; dry
齋啡／斋啡 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ fe¹ [Jyutping] ― black coffee

早餐淨係食塊麵包會唔會齋咗啲呢？ [Cantonese, trad.]
早餐净系食块面包会唔会斋咗啲呢？ [Cantonese, simp.]
zou² caan¹ zing⁶ hai⁶ sik⁶ faai³ min⁶ baau¹ wui⁵ m⁴ wui⁵ zaai¹ zo² di¹ ne¹? [Jyutping]
Wouldn't it be a bit dull to just have a piece of bread for breakfast?
(Cantonese) purely; only; just
Synonym: 淨／净 (jìng)

齋噏／斋噏 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ ap¹ [Jyutping] ― to just talk

齋睇唔買／斋睇唔买 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ tai² m⁴ maai⁵ [Jyutping] ― to just browse around and not buy anything; to window-shop
to give alms to monks
study (room); studio
house; shop; building
a surname

Synonyms[edit]

(vegetarian diet): 素食 (sùshí)

Antonyms[edit]

(non-vegetarian): 葷／荤 (hūn)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 齋

Descendants[edit]

→ Thai: เจ (jee)
→ Vietnamese: chay

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	斎
Kyūjitai	齋

Kanji[edit]

齋

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 斎)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

On (unclassified): さい (sai), し (shi)
Kun: ものいみ (monoimi), つつしむ (tsutsushimu)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

齋 (eumhun 엄숙할 재 (eomsukhal jae))
齋 (eumhun 집 재 (jip jae))
齋 (eumhun 상복 재 (sangbok jae))
齋 (eumhun 재계할 재 (jaegyehal jae))
齋 (eumhun 공부방 재 (gongbubang jae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

齋: Hán Việt readings: trai (莊(trang)皆(giai)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], chay^[4]
齋: Nôm readings: chay^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], trai^[2]^[7]^[4]^[5]^[6], chai^[1], rai^[1], chây^[3], trơi^[7]

chữ Hán form of trai (“to abstain; to fast”).
Nôm form of chay (“to abstain; to fast”).

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Hồ (1976).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

齋

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation menu