酢

See also: 醋

Translingual

Han character

酢 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田人尸 (MWOS), four-corner 1861₁, composition ⿰酉乍)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39824
• Dae Jaweon: page 1781, character 43
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3578, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9162

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Chinese

trad.		酢
simp. #		酢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酢
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
作	*ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊	*ʔsraːʔ
痄	*ʔsraːʔ
厏	*ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
詐	*ʔsraːɡs
咋	*ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮	*ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨	*ʔsraːɡs
炸	*ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
乍	*zraːɡs
拃	*ʔsraːnʔ
酢	*sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
祚	*zaːɡs
胙	*zaːɡs
阼	*zaːɡs
飵	*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
秨	*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
迮	*ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
柞	*ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
昨	*zaːɡ
怍	*zaːɡ
砟	*zaːɡ
莋	*zaːɡ
岝	*zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
鈼	*zaːɡ
筰	*zaːɡ
葃	*zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴	*ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
窄	*ʔsraːɡ
蚱	*ʔsraːɡ
齚	*zraːɡ
泎	*zraːɡ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuò (zuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zok⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
    • Wade–Giles: tso⁴
    • Yale: dzwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
    • Palladius: цзо (czo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zok⁶
    • Yale: johk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzak

Rime
Character	酢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	在各切
Baxter	dzak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zok6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酢
Reading #	2/2
No.	16667
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昨
Old Chinese	/*zaːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 酢

1. guest toast back to host

Etymology 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 酢

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 醋 (“vinegar”)

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Japanese

Kanji

酢

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. vinegar

Readings

• Go-on: ざく (zaku); す (su)
• Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō); そ (so)
• Kan’yō-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)
• Kun: す (su, 酢, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 酢(さく)酸(さん) (sakusan, “acetic acid”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
酢
す Grade: S
kun'yomi

Unknown.

• Perhaps a native Japanese term, with the su reading somehow related to the way that very sour things cause one to pucker.
• Alternatively, from Middle Chinese 醋 (MC tshuH). Borrowed earlier (vinegar was historically introduced to Japan in the 300-400s from China) than the systematic introduction of kanji, thus later mistaken as a native Japanese term. Compare modern Mandarin 醋 (cù) or Cantonese 醋 (cou³).

Alternative forms

• 醋, 酸

Noun

酢(す) • (su) 

1. vinegar (condiment)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 酸(す)っぱい (suppai): sour
• 酸(す)い (sui): sour
• 酸(す)し (sushi): sour (archaic)
• 鮨(すし) (sushi), 鮓(すし) (sushi), 寿(す)司(し) (sushi): sushi
• 酢(す)豚(ぶた) (subuta): sweet-and-sour pork

Idioms

Idioms of 酢

• 酢(す)が過(す)ぎる (su ga sugiru): “vinegar is excessive, too much vinegar” → doing too much, being excessive
• 酢(す)でさいて飲(の)む (su de saite nomu): “cutting something with vinegar and swallowing it down” → in reference with the ease of cutting a fish, dipping it in vinegar, and eating it: doing something very simple
• 酢(す)でも酒塩(さかしお)でも (su de mo sakashio de mo), 酢(す)でも蒟蒻(こんにゃく)でも (su de mo konnyaku de mo): (used with a negative verb): “by vinegar or by cooking wine”, “by vinegar or by konjac” → something that cannot be done in the usual fashion, or cannot be done easily
• 酢(す)に当(あ)て粉(こ)に当(あ)て (su ni ate ko ni ate), 酢(す)につけ粉(こ)につけ (su ni tsuke ko ni tsuke): “with regard to vinegar and flour”, “about vinegar and flour” → about something, about various things; from time to time
• 酢(す)にも粉(こ)にも (su ni mo ko ni mo), , 酢(す)にも蛸(たこ)にも (su ni mo tako ni mo), 酢(す)にも味噌(みそ)にも (su ni mo miso ni mo): “about/in vinegar and flour”, “about/in vinegar and salt”, “about/in vinegar and octopus”, “about/in vinegar and miso” → about anything, in anything
• 酢(す)の粉(こ)の (su no ko no), 酢(す)の蒟蒻(こんにゃく)の (su no konnyaku no): “of vinegar, of flour”, “of vinegar, of konjac” → of anything, belonging to anything
• 酢(す)を買(か)う (su o kau), 酢(す)を乞(こ)う (su o kou): “to buy vinegar”, “to beg vinegar” → to lose goodwill through excessive sycophancy, to anger someone by saying more than one should; to agitate or instigate, to stir things up

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Korean

Hanja

酢 • (cho, jak) (hangeul 초, 작, revised cho, jak, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, chak, Yale cho, cak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 酢 (tạc, thố)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.