長者

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (長者)		長	者
simp. (长者)		长	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǎngzhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng² ze²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tióng-chiá

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngzhě [Phonetic: zhángzhě]
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngjhě
    • Wade–Giles: chang³-chê³
    • Yale: jǎng-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangjee
    • Palladius: чжанчжэ (čžančžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoeng² ze²
    • Yale: jéung jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² dze²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng² zé²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chiá
    • Tâi-lô: tióng-tsiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diofngciar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: trjangX tsyaeX

Rime
Character	長	者
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	知丈切	章也切
Baxter	trjangX	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋX/	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋX/	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋX/	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng2	ze2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*traŋʔ  tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ  tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	者
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ trjangX ›	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*traŋʔ/	/*tAʔ/
English	grow; elder	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	者
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	1263	16960
Phonetic component	長	者
Rime group	陽	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	長	者
Old Chinese	/*taŋʔ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 長者

1. elder; senior
2. rich person
3. a term of respect for a man
4. (archaic) high official
5. (archaic) person of high moral standing
6. (archaic) well-known person; celebrity

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 長者

1. (Internet slang) Jiang Zemin

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	者
ちょう Grade: 2	しゃ > じゃ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
長者 (kyūjitai)

Noun

長(ちょう)者(じゃ) • (chōja) ^{←ちやうじや (tyauzya)?}

1. (also ちょうしゃ) elder; senior; a virtuous person
2. rich person

   百(ひゃく)万(まん)長(ちょう)者(じゃ)、億(おく)万(まん)長(ちょう)者(じゃ)

   hyakumanchōja, okumanchōja

   millionaire, billionaire

3. leader of a lineage
4. (archaic) chief of a post station (shukuba)
5. (archaic) owner or leader of a brothel in a post station (shukuba)