obsideo

Latin

Etymology

From ob- (“before”) +‎ sedeō (“I sit”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /oˈpsi.de.oː/, [ɔˈpsɪ.de.oː]

Verb

obsideō (present infinitive obsidēre, perfect active obsēdī, supine obsessum); second conjugation

1. I sit, remain, abide, stay.
2. I frequent, haunt, inhabit.
3. (transitive, military) I besiege; hem in, beset (a city).
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1

     Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.

     The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.

   • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Daniel 1:1

     anno tertio regni Ioachim regis Iuda venit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis Hierusalem et obsedit eam

     In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.

4. (transitive) I detain, hold captive
5. I occupy, fill, possess.
6. I watch closely; I am on the lookout for.

Inflection

Conjugation of obsideo (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	obsideō	obsidēs	obsidet	obsidēmus	obsidētis	obsident
	imperfect	obsidēbam	obsidēbās	obsidēbat	obsidēbāmus	obsidēbātis	obsidēbant
	future	obsidēbō	obsidēbis	obsidēbit	obsidēbimus	obsidēbitis	obsidēbunt
	perfect	obsēdī	obsēdistī	obsēdit	obsēdimus	obsēdistis	obsēdērunt, obsēdēre
	pluperfect	obsēderam	obsēderās	obsēderat	obsēderāmus	obsēderātis	obsēderant
	future perfect	obsēderō	obsēderis	obsēderit	obsēderimus	obsēderitis	obsēderint
passive	present	obsideor	obsidēris, obsidēre	obsidētur	obsidēmur	obsidēminī	obsidentur
	imperfect	obsidēbar	obsidēbāris, obsidēbāre	obsidēbātur	obsidēbāmur	obsidēbāminī	obsidēbantur
	future	obsidēbor	obsidēberis, obsidēbere	obsidēbitur	obsidēbimur	obsidēbiminī	obsidēbuntur
	perfect	obsessus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	obsessus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	obsessus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	obsideam	obsideās	obsideat	obsideāmus	obsideātis	obsideant
	imperfect	obsidērem	obsidērēs	obsidēret	obsidērēmus	obsidērētis	obsidērent
	perfect	obsēderim	obsēderīs	obsēderit	obsēderīmus	obsēderītis	obsēderint
	pluperfect	obsēdissem	obsēdissēs	obsēdisset	obsēdissēmus	obsēdissētis	obsēdissent
passive	present	obsidear	obsideāris, obsideāre	obsideātur	obsideāmur	obsideāminī	obsideantur
	imperfect	obsidērer	obsidērēris, obsidērēre	obsidērētur	obsidērēmur	obsidērēminī	obsidērentur
	perfect	obsessus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	obsessus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	obsidē	—	—	obsidēte	—
	future	—	obsidētō	obsidētō	—	obsidētōte	obsidentō
passive	present	—	obsidēre	—	—	obsidēminī	—
	future	—	obsidētor	obsidētor	—	—	obsidentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		obsidēre	obsēdisse	obsessūrus esse	obsidērī	obsessus esse	obsessum īrī
participles		obsidēns	—	obsessūrus	—	obsessus	obsidendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		nominative	genitive	dative/ablative	accusative	accusative	ablative
		obsidēre	obsidendī	obsidendō	obsidendum	obsessum	obsessū

Derived terms

• obsidiō
• obsidiōnālis

• obsidior
• obsidium

Related terms

• assideō
• circumsedeō
• dēsideō
• dissideō
• īnsideō
• obsidātus

• persedeō
• possideō
• praesideō
• resideō
• sedeō
• supersedeō

Descendants

• English: obsess
• French: obséder
• Italian: ossedere
• Spanish: obseder

References

• obsideo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• obsideo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “obsideo” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidere
    
  • (ambiguous) to give hostages: obsides dare
    
  • (ambiguous) to compel communities to provide hostages: obsides civitatibus imperare