斟

斟 U+659F, 斟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-659F ← 斞 [U+659E] CJK Unified Ideographs 斠 → [U+65A0]

Translingual

Han character

斟 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿女卜十 (TVYJ), four-corner 4470₀, composition ⿰甚斗)

Derived characters

• 𡀃, 𨮊

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 478, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13517
• Dae Jaweon: page 837, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2255, character 2
• Unihan data for U+659F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljum) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 斗 (“dipper; cup”).

Etymology 1

trad.		斟
simp. #		斟

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“to fill, flat”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zim¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
    • Wade–Giles: chên¹
    • Yale: jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zam¹
    • Yale: jām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziim´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
    • Tâi-lô: tsim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zim¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsim
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyim

Rime
Character	斟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職深切
Baxter	tsyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cim/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[q][ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kljum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	斟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyim ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[q][ə]m/
English	deliberate (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斟
Reading #	1/1
No.	11291
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	斟
Old Chinese	/*kljum/

Definitions

斟

1. to pour (a drink) into drinkware

   你可唔可以幫我斟杯茶啊？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你可唔可以帮我斟杯茶啊？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ ho² m⁴ ho² ji⁵ bong¹ ngo⁵ zam¹ bui¹ caa⁴ aa³? [Jyutping]

   Could you pour me a cup of tea?

2. ^† (figurative) to consider; to deliberate
3. (Cantonese) to negotiate

Compounds

• 字斟句酌
• 斟愖 (zhēnchén)
• 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó)
• 斟酒 (zhēnjiǔ)
• 斟酌損益／斟酌损益
• 斟量
• 淺斟低唱／浅斟低唱
• 淺斟低謳／浅斟低讴
• 淺斟低酌／浅斟低酌
• 滿斟／满斟
• 自斟自飲／自斟自饮

 

Etymology 2

trad.		斟
simp. #		斟
alternative forms		漛 滕

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thîn

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thîn
    • Tâi-lô: thîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰin²³/

Definitions

斟

1. (Hokkien) to pour (a drink) into drinkware
2. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol

References

• “斟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

斟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): しん (shin)
• Kun: くむ (kumu); くみかわす (kumikawasu)

Korean

Hanja

斟 (eum 짐 (jim))

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Vietnamese

Han character

斟: Hán Nôm readings: châm

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