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See also:
U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA

[U+89A9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+89AB]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 147, +9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic (OC *siŋ) + semantic (see).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 𣓀 () + semantic (see).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (14)
Final () (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tshin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
can1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]i[n]/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰin/
Notes

Definitions[edit]

  1. paternal relatives
  2. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  3. parent(s); father and/or mother
  4. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  5. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  6. marriage; matrimony
  7. to be close to; to become intimate with
  8. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
      ―  qīn Zhōng  ―  pro-China, usually meaning pro-CCP
  9. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  10. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  11. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  12. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  13. accurate; true
  14. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  15. (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  16. Alternative form of (xīn, to renew; to replace)
  17. a surname
Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of .
Note: chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - used in 親姆亲姆.
Note: cêng1 - Jieyang.

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (14)
Final () (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tshinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
can3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰins/

Definitions[edit]

  1. relationship between the families (especially the parents) of a married couple; in-laws

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 4[edit]

trad.
simp. *

Pronunciation[edit]


Definitions[edit]

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of (to kiss)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, to become old, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[2]

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(おや) (oya

  1. [from 720] a parent
  2. [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. [from 1001] the boss or leader
  4. [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: (ko)
  6. [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears
Idioms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Prefix[edit]

(しん) (shin-

  1. pro- (supportive of)
Antonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC tshin|tshinH). Recorded as Middle Korean (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 친할 (chinhal chin))

  1. Hanja form? of (intimate).
  2. Hanja form? of (relative; parent).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: thân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.