哉
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See also: 或
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]哉 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十戈口 (JIR), four-corner 43650, composition ⿹𢦏口)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 189, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3596
- Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 611, character 7
- Unihan data for U+54C9
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 哉 |
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Spring and Autumn |
Bronze inscriptions |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔslɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː).
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
哉 | |
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alternative forms | 㦲 㢤 𠳆 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chai
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1tse / 1tse / 5tsae
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zai
- Wade–Giles: tsai1
- Yale: dzāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
- Palladius: цзай (czaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zoi1
- Yale: jōi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi1
- Guangdong Romanization: zoi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsoj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯː/
Definitions
[edit]哉
- † grammatical particle indicating emphasis
- sentence-medial particle indicating inverted construction for the emphasis of the predicate
- 大哉斯言! [Classical Chinese] ― Dà zāi sī yán! [Pinyin] ― How great, these words!
- 子路曰:「有是哉,子之迂也!奚其正?」子曰:「野哉由也!君子於其所不知,蓋闕如也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐlù yuē: “Yǒu shì zāi, zǐ zhī yū yě! Xī qí zhèng?” Zǐyuē: “Yě zāi Yóu yě! Jūnzǐ yú qí suǒbùzhī, gài quèrú yě.” [Pinyin]
- "So! indeed!" said Zilu, "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be such rectification?" The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Zhongyou! A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve."
子路曰:「有是哉,子之迂也!奚其正?」子曰:「野哉由也!君子于其所不知,盖阙如也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- sentence-final particle indicating exclamation, emphasis, or strong intention
- 子曰:「默而識之,學而不厭,誨人不倦,何有於我哉?」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Mò ér zhìzhī, xué ér bùyàn, huìrén bùjuàn, hé yǒuyúwǒ zāi?” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied - which one of these things belongs to me?"
子曰:「默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉?」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- sentence-medial particle indicating inverted construction for the emphasis of the predicate
- † begin, commence
- 惟三月哉生魄,周公初基作新大邑于東國洛。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Wéi sānyuè zāi shēngpò, Zhōugōng chū jī zuò xīndàyì yú dōngguó luò. [Pinyin]
- On the third month, when the moon began to wane, the duke of Zhou commenced the foundations, and proceeded to build the new great city of Lo, of the eastern states.
惟三月哉生魄,周公初基作新大邑于东国洛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
See also
[edit]- 兮 (xī)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
哉 | |
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alternative forms | 者 |
According to Qian (2010), in contemporary Urban Shanghainese, it has become 了 through lenition (/zəʔ/ > /ləʔ/). Full lenition chain 哉 (MC tsoj) > Suzhounese /t͡se/ > Suburban Shanghainese /tæʔ/, while Old urban Shanghainese/ze/ /zəʔ/ > Contemporary urban Shanghainese/ləʔ/(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]哉 (Wu)
- (Northern Wu) Sentence-final particle used to indicate the present tense
- 打勿得哉! [Suzhounese, trad. and simp.]
- From: 1892, 韓邦慶 (Han Bangqing), 《海上花列傳》
- 5tan 7feq-teq7-tse0 [Wugniu]
- Do not fight!
Usage notes
[edit]- Unlike Standard Chinese, Northern Wu languages can mark for some tenses, like many European languages. This term, therefore, cannot be accurately translated into Standard Chinese. In contemporary Shanghainese, 了 is more common.
Etymology 3
[edit]simp. and trad. |
哉 |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chài
Definitions
[edit]哉
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]哉
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: さい (sai); せ (se)
- Kan-on: さい (sai)
- Kun: かな (kana, 哉); や (ya, 哉); か (ka, 哉)
- Nanori: えい (ei); き (ki); すけ (suke); ちか (chika); とし (toshi); はじめ (hajime)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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哉 |
さい Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 哉 (MC tsoj).
Affix
[edit]- expression of exclamation or excitement
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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哉 |
かな Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 哉 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 哉, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]哉 (eum 재 (jae))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading せ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かな
- Japanese kanji with kun reading や
- Japanese kanji with kun reading か
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading えい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading き
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading すけ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はじめ
- Japanese terms spelled with 哉 read as さい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese affixes
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- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 哉 read as かな
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