万

See also: 萬, 方, and ㄪ

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

万 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一尸 (MS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿸丆𠃌)

Derived characters

• 𭜌, 𬇕, 杤, 迈, 𥸯, 劢, 𭔩, 𫔬, 虿, 趸, 厉, 𡧊, 疠, 𬮙, 𡆭, 栃, 䥿

Related characters

• 萬 (Orthodox traditional form)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10
• Dae Jaweon: page 137, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 9, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4E07

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 万
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Unknown. Used as a tribal name in oracle inscriptions. Used as a number since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.

Various theories have been proposed for its original meaning:

• Qu Wanli, Qiu Xigui and others propose that it originally refers to a type of dancer-musicians. This usage is attested in the oracle inscriptions. This may be supported by ancient literature, e.g. Shijing, which mentions a type of dance called 萬舞／万舞.
• Lin Yiguang proposes that it is an ancient form of 丏 (OC *meːnʔ), acting as a phonetic component in 賓 (OC *mpin).
• Some propose that it is a differentiated form of 亥.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 万 – see 萬 (“scorpion; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 萬).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Usage notes

Also used in a trisyllabic surname.

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		万

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mak⁶ / maak⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    • Wade–Giles: mo⁴
    • Yale: mwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mak⁶ / maak⁶
    • Yale: mahk / maahk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mak⁹ / maak⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: meg⁶ / mag⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: mok

Rime
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫北切
Baxter	mok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mək̚/
Li Rong	/mək̚/
Wang Li	/mək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mak6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
No.	12614
Phonetic component	万
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	墨
Old Chinese	/*mɯːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 万

1. Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00001

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Japanese

Shinjitai	万
Kyūjitai	萬

Kanji

万

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 萬)

Readings

As a simplification and variant of 萬:

• Go-on: もん (mon)
• Kan-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
• Kun: よろず (yorozu, 万)^{←よろづ (yorodu, 万, historical)}
• Nanori: かず (kazu)、かつ (katsu)、すすむ (susumu)、たか (taka)、つむ (tsumu)、つもる (tsumoru)、ま (ma)、ゆる (yuru)、よし (yoshi)

As part of the surname 万俟:

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
万
まん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 万 (MC mjonH).

Noun

1. ten thousand, 10,000, myriad
   • 1999 October 17, “３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)の白(しろ)亀(カメ) [30,000-Year White Turtle]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:

     ３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)も生(い)きつづけている巨(きょ)大(だい)カメ。守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)が高(たか)い。

     Sanman-nen mo ikitsuzukete iru kyodai kame. Shubiryoku ga takai.

     A giant turtle that has lived for over 30,000 years. It has high defense strength.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 万(まん)一(いち) (man'ichi, “perhaps”)
• 万(まん)が一(いち) (mangaichi)
• 万(まん)機(き) (manki, “state affairs”)
• 万(まん)華(げ)鏡(きょう) (mangekyō, “kaleidoscope”)
• 万(まん)才(さい) (mansai, “ten thousand years old”)
• 万(まん)作(さく) (mansaku, “witch hazel”)
• 万(まん)善(ぜん) (manzen, “ten thousand virtues”)
• 万(まん)全(ぜん) (manzen, “perfect”)
• 万(まん)灯(どう) (mandō, “ten thousand lights”)
• 万(まん)引(びき) (manbiki, “shoplifting”)
• 万(まん)歩(ぽ)計(けい) (manpokei, “pedometer”)
• 万(まん)葉(よう)仮(が)名(な) (man'yōgana)
• 万(まん)葉(よう)集(しゅう) (man'yōshū)
• 万(まん)力(りき) (manriki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
万
ばん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 万 (MC mjonH).

Adverb

1. (followed by a negative) even if, never
2. (followed by a negative) no matter what

Prefix

1. many
2. all

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 万(ばん)感(かん) (bankan, “flood of emotions”)
• 万(ばん)軍(ぐん) (bangun)
• 万(ばん)芸(げい) (bangei, “versatility”)
• 万(ばん)古(こ) (banko, “old time, all this time, eternity”)
• 万(ばん)斛(こく) (bankoku)
• 万(ばん)劫(ごう) (bangō, “an extremely long period of time”)
• 万(ばん)死(し) (banshi, “critical state of the life”)
• 万(ばん)寿(じゅ) (banju), 万(まん)寿(じゅ) (manju, “longevity”)
• 万(ばん)丈(じょう) (banjō, “hurrah”)
• 万(ばん)乗(じょう) (banjō, “sovereignty”)
• 万(ばん)状(じょう) (banjō, “diversification”)
• 万(ばん)博(ぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition”)
• 万(ばん)万(ばん) (banban, “very much”)
• 万(ばん)民(みん) (banmin, “all the people, the entire nation”)
• 万(ばん)有(ゆう) (ban'yū)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
万
よろず Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

⟨yo₂ro₂du⟩ → /yorodu/ → /yorod͡zu/ → /yorozu/

From Old Japanese. Found in the oldest sources, such as the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Appears to be a compound or inflection, but the derivation is unclear.

Noun

1. ten thousand
2. a large number
3. all, everything

Derived terms

• 万(よろず)屋(や) (yorozuya, “general merchant”)

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Korean

Hanja

万 (eum 만 (man))

1. Alternative form of 萬

References

• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo). [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

万: Hán Việt readings: vạn
万: Nôm readings: vàn, vạn, muôn

1. Alternative form of 萬