垂

See also: 埀, 乗, and 重

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

垂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹十廿一 (HJTM), four-corner 2010₄)

Derived characters

• 睡, 錘/锤, 郵, 倕, 唾, 埵, 娷, 崜, 捶, 棰, 涶, 硾, 箠, 綞/缍, 腄, 菙, 諈, 陲, 甀, 㩾, 㻔, 䅜, 䍋, 䮔, 䳠, 厜, 𠝶, 𡐱, 𡑈, 𡙇, 𢏴, 𢔝, 𢛉, 𢛲, 𢻩, 𣂩, 𣇦, 𤷣, 𥡭, 𦈼, 𦖋, 𦥻, 𧌯, 𨉡, 𨔠, 𨲉, 𩃒, 𩗰, 𩜀, 𩣷, 𩩞, 𩭦, 𩸫, 𫵌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 227, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5012
• Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 432, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5782

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Chinese

trad.		垂
simp. #		垂
alternative forms		埀 𡍮 (ancient form) 𠂹 (ancient form) 𠄒 (ancient form) 𠣔 (ancient form)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垂
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	*tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	*tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	*tol, *tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘	*dol, *dols, *du
甀	*dol, *dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡	*djols

Etymology

May be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”) (STEDT), whence Burmese တွယ် (twai, “to cling”). May be related to 睡 (OC *djols, “to sleep”), 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “to hang from a tree; classifier for blossoms”), 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong; oval”), 惰 (OC *l'oːlʔ, *l'oːls, “lazy”) and 蕊 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “reproductive organ of flower”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuí (chui²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sûi / sêr / sê / sôe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sui⁵ / suê⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
    • Wade–Giles: chʻui²
    • Yale: chwéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
    • Palladius: чуй (čuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seoi⁴
    • Yale: sèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûi
    • Tâi-lô: suî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /sui²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêr
    • Tâi-lô: sêr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sə²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sê
    • Tâi-lô: sê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: see
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /se²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sôe
    • Tâi-lô: suê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sue²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue¹³/

Note:

• sûi - literary;
• sêr/sê/sôe - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sui⁵ / suê⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûi / suê
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sui⁵⁵/, /sue⁵⁵/

Note:

• suê5 - “listless; wilted”.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 垂
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/ /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fʰei²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰei⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰuei²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰuei³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰuei²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuəi²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuei¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zø²³/
	Suzhou	/ze̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕy⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyei¹³/
	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑyəi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰui²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/sui¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/sui¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søy²¹/
	Nanning	/sui²¹/
	Hong Kong	/søy²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sui³⁵/ /se³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/suoi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sy³³/ /ty⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sui⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sui³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzywe

Rime
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是爲切
Baxter	dzywe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑwiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʑiue/
Wang Li	/ʑǐwe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]o[j]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djol/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzywe ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]o[j]/
English	hang down
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
No.	1676
Phonetic component	垂
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	𡍮
Old Chinese	/*djol/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 垂

1. to suspend; to hang down
2. to drip
3. (Teochew) listless
4. (Teochew) wilted

References

• “Query for 垂”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

垂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. suspend, dangle, hang

Readings

• Go-on: ずい (zui)
• Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)
• Kun: たれる (tareru, 垂れる, Jōyō); たらす (tarasu, 垂らす, Jōyō); たれ (tare, 垂れ); なんなんとす (nannantosu, 垂す)
• Nanori: たる (taru); だれ (dare)

Noun

垂(しで) • (shide) 

1. zigzag-shaped paper streamer often used to adorn Shinto-related objects
2. hornbeam plant

Alternative forms

• 四手(しで) (shide)

Compounds

• 垂直(すいちょく) (suichoku): vertical, perpendicular
• 垂線(すいせん) (suisen): perpendicular line
• 懸垂(けんすい) (kensui): suspension, pendency

• 垂(た)れ下(さ)がる (taresagaru): hang, dangle
• 雨(あま)垂(だ)れ (amadare): raindrops
• 垂(た)らす (tarasu): hang down
• 髪(かみ)を垂(た)らす (kamiotarasu): let one's hair hang down

• 垂(た)れ (tare): sauce, gravy
• 胡麻垂(ごまだ)れ (gomadare): sesame sauce
• 糞(くそ)っ垂(た)れ (kusottare): vulgar epithet
• しみっ垂(た)れ (shimittare): stinginess, miser

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Korean

Hanja

垂 • (su) (hangeul 수)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 垂 (thuỳ)

1. to hang, to fall, to follow
2. adjacent to