壽

See also: 寿 and 夀

Translingual

Japanese	寿
Simplified	寿
Traditional	壽

Han character

壽 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土弓一戈 (GNMI), four-corner 4064₁, composition ⿳⿳士乛工一吋)

Descendants

• 寿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 244, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5672
• Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 483, character 10
• Unihan data for U+58FD

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Chinese

trad.		壽
simp.		寿
alternative forms		夀 𡔽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壽
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
禱	*tuːʔ, *tuːs
擣	*tuːʔ
檮	*tuːʔ, *duː, *du
壔	*tuːʔ
懤	*tuːʔ, *du, *dus
濤	*duː, *duː
燾	*duː, *duːs
翿	*duː, *duːs
幬	*duːs, *du
儔	*duːs, *du
譸	*tu
籌	*du
疇	*du
躊	*du
燽	*du
薵	*du
魗	*tʰjuʔ, *dju
醻	*dju
壽	*djuʔ, *djus
璹	*djuʔ, *djuɡ
鑄	*tjos

These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions:

1. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du).
2. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 () (𦓃).
3. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡 ().

The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 (yòu) becoming 寸 (cùn) (耂 + 𠾉).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shòu (shou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sau⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siu⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shòu
    • Wade–Giles: shou⁴
    • Yale: shòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: show
    • Palladius: шоу (šou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sau⁶
    • Yale: sauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: seo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siū
    • Tâi-lô: siū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siu³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siu⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu¹¹/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 壽
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂou⁵³/ /sou⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂou²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʂɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/səu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/səu¹³/
	Guiyang	/səu²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʂəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʂɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂəu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/səu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jɤu²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiu²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂəu⁵⁵/ /ʂəu¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/ʂəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/su⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/ʃu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐu²²/
	Nanning	/sɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siu²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sieu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/siu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siu³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tiu³³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyuwX, dzyuwH

Rime
Character	壽	壽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	殖酉切	承呪切
Baxter	dzyuwX	dzyuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨuX/	/d͡ʑɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiuX/	/d͡ʑiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiəuX/	/d͡ʑiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑuwX/	/d͡ʑuwH/
Li Rong	/ʑiuX/	/ʑiuH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəuX/	/ʑĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ə̯uX/	/ʑi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shòu	shòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sau6	sau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-t]uʔ/, /*[N-t]uʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djuʔ/, /*djus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壽	壽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shòu	shòu
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyuwX ›	‹ dzyuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-t]uʔ/	/*[N-t]uʔ-s/
English	longevity	longevity
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壽	壽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11707	11709
Phonetic component	壽	壽
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	受	授
Old Chinese	/*djuʔ/	/*djus/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 壽

1. old age; long life
2. lifespan

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Japanese

Shinjitai	寿
Kyūjitai	壽

Kanji

壽

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寿)

1. longevity, long life
2. congratulations

Readings

• Go-on: じゅ (ju)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
• Kan’yō-on: す (su)
• Kun: ことぶき (kotobuki, 壽); ことぶく (kotobuku, 壽く); く (ku); ことほぐ (kotohogu, 壽ぐ); ぐ (gu)
• Nanori: かず (kazu); じ (ji); じゅう (jū); すっ (su'); すみ (sumi); とし (toshi); としかつ (toshikatsu); なが (naga); のぶ (nobu); のり (nori); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi); やす (yasu); やすし (yasushi)

Usage notes

Seldom used in modern Japanese. See the 寿 entry for further details.

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Korean

Hanja

壽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

壽: Hán Việt readings: thọ
壽: Nôm readings: thọ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.